…Hediger named these distances the “escape distance,” “defense distance,” and “critical distance,” respectively. In 1941, he also noticed that some species allow contact (for example, jostling, grooming, and preening) between individuals of the same species, while others do not, and that in the latter species, there is a minimum distance at which they can approach each other, as seen in swallows and starlings lined up on electric wires, and he called this distance the “individual distance.” Hediger's idea spread to the English-speaking world after his book was translated into English in 1950 (Wild Animals in Captivity), and it inspired Hall's idea of proxemics. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "individual distance" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ヘディガーはこの距離をそれぞれ〈逃走距離〉〈防衛距離〉〈臨界距離〉と名付けた。また,1941年には,同種の個体が相互に接触(たとえばめじろ押し,相互毛づくろい,相互羽づくろいなど)を許す種とそれを許さない種があること,後者では,たとえば電線に並んだツバメやムクドリで見られるように,互いに接近を許す最低距離があることに気づいて,この距離を〈個体距離individual distance〉と呼んだ。ヘディガーのこの考えは,著書が1950年に英訳(《Wild Animals in Captivity》)されて以後英語圏にも広まり,ホールのプロクセミクスの発想を生む刺激となった。… ※「individual distance」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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