Organizational development

Japanese: 組織開発 - そしきかいはつ(英語表記)organizational development
Organizational development

OD is a type of organizational change that utilizes knowledge of behavioral science, and is carried out systematically under the management of the top management to increase the effectiveness (degree of goal achievement) and health (human satisfaction) of the organization throughout the organization. It is abbreviated as OD. The knowledge of behavioral science that is used includes leadership patterns, motivation, and communication. OD became necessary because the organizational environment (market, technology, etc.) became more volatile and complex, and rigid organizations could no longer adapt to it, making it essential to change to organic organizations. Organic organizations are organizations that have characteristics such as flexible structures, open organizational culture, mutual trust, and supportive leadership. Specific OD methods include sensitivity training (ST), action research, confrontation meetings, managerial grids, small group activities, management by objectives, organizational dynamics, and meritocracy.

[Mitsuo Morimoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

行動科学の知識を利用しながら、トップの管理のもとで計画的に、組織全体にわたり、組織の有効性(目的達成度)と健全性(人間の満足度)を増大させるために行う組織の変革をいう。略称OD。利用する行動科学の知識は、リーダーシップの型、動機づけ、コミュニケーションなどである。ODが必要になった理由は、組織環境(市場(しじょう)、技術など)の変動性と複雑性が増大し、硬直的組織ではそれに適応できなくなったため、有機的組織への変革が不可欠になったことにある。有機的組織とは、伸縮的構造、開放的組織風土、相互信頼の態度、支持的リーダーシップなどの特性を備えた組織である。ODの具体的手法には、感受性訓練sensitivity training(ST)、アクション・リサーチ、対決集会confrontation meeting、マネジリアル・グリッドmanagerial grid、小集団活動、目標による管理、組織動態化、能力主義人事などがある。

[森本三男]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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