Prion diseases

Japanese: プリオン病
Prion diseases

Prion disease is a disease that selectively affects the central nervous system when normal prion protein is converted into infectious prion protein. The cause and mechanism of onset are not clear, and no effective treatment has been found at present, making it an untreatable, fatal disease.

In humans, Cannibal Ritual ( Food habits ) Kuru disease, which is transmitted by the vein, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which is often sporadic, Gerstmann-Stressler-Scheinker syndrome, which occurs in families, and familial Fatal Insomnia ( Local customs declaration ) And more.

In addition, iatrogenic prion disease and Mad cow disease ( Business ) Iatrogenic prion disease has been attracting attention as a major social problem. Dura mater ( This is good ) Transplants, extracted from human cadavers Pituitary gland ( I want to swim ) It was transmitted through medical procedures such as the administration of hormone preparations. Mad cow disease was transmitted to cattle in the UK through concentrated feed made from sheep bones and innards, from a sheep prion disease (scrapie infectious agent).

Furthermore, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is likely to have been transmitted from mad cows to humans. Its characteristics include a young age of onset, a long life span, mental symptoms such as anxiety, depression, personality changes, and abnormal behavior, and a high frequency of sensory disorders. Electroencephalograms show no periodic synchronous discharges, and brain MRIs show symmetric lesions in the thalamic pulvinar on both sides. Cerebellar ataxia and dementia progress, and unless life-prolonging measures are administered, death occurs within one year of onset.

Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia

Japanese:

 プリオン病とは、正常型プリオン蛋白が感染型プリオン蛋白に変換することにより、中枢神経系が選択的に冒される病気です。発症の原因や機序(仕組み)が明らかになっておらず、有効な治療法が見つかっていない現時点では、治療できない致死性の病気になっています。

 ヒトでは、喰人儀式(しょくじんぎしき)によって伝わったクルー病、孤発性の発症が多いクロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病、家族性に発症するゲルストマン・ストレスラー・シェインカー症候群、家族性致死性不眠症(ちしせいふみんしょう)などがあります。

 また、医原性プリオン病や狂牛病(きょうぎゅうびょう)は大きな社会的問題として注目を集めています。医原性プリオン病は、角膜移植、深部脳波電極の使用、脳硬膜(こうまく)移植、ヒトの死体から抽出した下垂体(かすいたい)ホルモン製剤の投与などの医療行為によって伝染しました。狂牛病は英国でヒツジの骨、内臓を用いた濃厚飼料を通じて、ヒツジのプリオン病(スクレイピー感染因子)がウシに伝染しました。

 さらに、狂牛病のウシからヒトへ伝染した可能性が高いのが変異型クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病です。その特徴は、発症年齢が若い、生存期間が長い、不安・抑うつ・人格変化・異常行動などの精神症状が現れる、感覚障害の頻度が高いなどです。脳波で周期性同期性放電は認められず、脳のMRIで両側視床枕に対称性の病巣がみられます。小脳失調症状、認知症が進行し、延命処置を施さなければ発症から1年で死亡します。

出典 法研「六訂版 家庭医学大全科」六訂版 家庭医学大全科について 情報

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