It refers to widespread agreement and acceptance regarding important issues (foreign policy, constitutional system, core economic policy, etc.) and basic values of society. The existence of broad consensus regarding the system's goals and objectives, the means and methods of achieving those goals, the composition of the decision-making apparatus, the techniques and procedures for dealing with disputes, and the methods of recruiting decision-makers is a unifying force that strengthens and promotes social cohesion, but it is difficult to form and maintain if members and leaders do not have a spirit of compromise and a spirit of sharing limited resources. A certain degree of social homogeneity is also essential. In a system with a large scope of consensus, it is easy to obtain agreement and form a complex majority, and divisive forces are minimized, making it easier for political stability to emerge. Conversely, dissensus encourages confrontational politics. [Nobuf Okazawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
重要問題(外交政策、憲法体系、基幹経済政策など)や、社会の基本的価値に関する広範な同意・受容をいう。システムの目標・目的、目標達成手段・方法、意思決定装置の構成、紛争処理技法・手続、意思決定者の補充方法などに関する広大なコンセンサスの存在は、社会的凝集力を強化・促進する統合力となるが、妥協の精神、限りあるものを分かち合う精神がメンバーやリーダーに備わっていなければ、その形成・維持は困難である。またある程度の社会的同質性が不可欠となる。コンセンサス範域が大きいシステムでは、同意の調達、複合的多数派の形成が容易で、分裂力を極小化するので政治的安定が現出しやすい。逆にディセンサスは対決型政治を助長する。 [岡沢憲芙] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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