Judge Oguri

The title of a sekkyo joruri piece. The author and the first performance are unknown. The original version by Sado Shichidayu Toyotaka, published at the end of the Shotoku era (1711-16) or the beginning of the Kyoho era (1716-36), is called "Oguri no Hangan." Hangan Oguri, the eldest son of Dainagon Kaneie of Sanjo Takakura, Kyoto, made a promise with the incarnation of a giant snake in the Rakuhoku Bosatsu Mizoro Pond, but was found guilty and exiled to Hitachi (Ibaraki Prefecture). He eventually married the beautiful Princess Terutehime, but was poisoned to death by the princess's family. After his death, Oguri was ordered by King Enma to return to the world of the living because he was a good person, and was given the name Gakiami. With the consideration of the priest Fujisawa, Gakiami is pulled in a carriage to Kumano Hongu, where she is bathed in the sacred waters for 37 days and happily returns to her original body. Meanwhile, Terutehime is saved from being drowned in the sea and handed over to a slave trader, who moves her from place to place and makes her suffer hard labor, but she unknowingly carries Gakiami's carriage, and later reunites with Oguri and travels to the capital.

This work has some similarities with "Sansho Dayu," and skillfully combines a tale of human trafficking with a miraculous tale to create a religious drama. It had a great influence on later generations, and in the joruri gidayu style, it was rewritten as "Toryu Oguri Hangan" by Chikamatsu Monzaemon, and then as "Oguri Hangan Carriage Road" by Bunkodo and others (1738, first performed at the Takemotoza). In kabuki, after "Futari Terutehime" (1687, first performed at the Ichimuraza), "Oguri Kanameishi" was performed at the Ichimuraza in January of 1703 (Genroku 16), and "Oguri Jyudan" was performed at the Moritaza in July of the same year. His novels include the kana zoshi "Oguri Monogatari," the kurohon "Oguri Hangan," and the yomihon "Oguri Gaiden," and at the end of the Edo period, he was included in the Genjibushi sermons. In addition, at Yugyo-ji Temple (Shojo-ko-ji Temple), the head temple of the Jishu sect of Buddhism, in Fujisawa City, Kanagawa Prefecture, there is a hall that is said to have been built by Teruhime (Terutehime) in 1429 (Eikyo 1), as well as items related to Oguri and Terutehime, and he was popular for his sermons and picture explanations.

[Kazuo Sekiyama]

"Oguri Hangan" (included in "Sekkyobushi" edited and annotated by Araki Shigeru and Yamamoto Kisso, 1973, Heibonsha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

説経浄瑠璃(じょうるり)の曲名。作者、初演は不詳。正徳(しょうとく)（1711～16）末か享保(きょうほう)（1716～36）初めごろに出た佐渡七太夫豊孝の正本には『をくりの判官』とある。京都・三条高倉の大納言(だいなごん)兼家の嫡子小栗判官は、洛北(らくほく)菩薩(みぞろ)池の大蛇の化身と契ったが、罪を得て常陸(ひたち)（茨城県）に流される。やがて美女の照手姫(てるてひめ)と結婚するが、姫の一族に毒殺されてしまう。死んだ小栗は閻魔(えんま)大王の命令で、善人のゆえに娑婆(しゃば)へ帰され、餓鬼阿弥(がきあみ)と名づけられた。藤沢の上人の配慮で餓鬼阿弥は車に引かれて熊野本宮へ行き、そこで三七日の御湯に浸され、めでたく元の体に戻る。一方、照手姫は海に沈められるところを救われ、人買いの手に渡されて各地を転々とし、重労働に苦しめられるが、知らずに餓鬼阿弥の車を運び、のち小栗と再会して都へ行くという筋。

　この作は『山荘太夫(さんしょうだゆう)』と似た部分があり、人買い説話に霊験談を加えて巧みな宗教劇としている。後世への影響は大きく、浄瑠璃義太夫節(ぎだゆうぶし)では近松門左衛門の『当流小栗判官』を経て、文耕堂らの『小栗判官車街道(くるまかいどう)』（1738・竹本座初演）に書き替えられた。歌舞伎(かぶき)では『二人照手姫』（1687・市村座初演）ののち、1703年（元禄16）正月に市村座で『小栗鹿目石(かなめいし)』が、同7月には森田座で『小栗十二段』が上演された。小説では仮名草子『おぐり物語』、黒本『小栗判官』、読本(よみほん)『小栗外伝』があり、幕末期には説教源氏節にも入った。また、神奈川県藤沢市の時宗(じしゅう)本山遊行寺(ゆぎょうじ)（清浄光寺(しょうじょうこうじ)）には、1429年（永享1）に照姫（照手姫）が建てたというお堂と、小栗・照手姫ゆかりの品と称するものがあり、説教や絵解きで親しまれた。

［関山和夫］

『「小栗判官」（荒木繁・山本吉左右編・注『説経節』所収・1973・平凡社）』

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