Upper rice - Agemai

In the Edo period, due to financial difficulties, the shogunate imposed rice tributes on the various domains, and the feudal lords imposed rice tributes on their vassals. The most famous example is the one imposed by the eighth shogun, Tokugawa Yoshimune, on the various feudal lords in 1722 (Kyoho 7) as one of the reforms of the Kyoho era. This ordered 100 koku of rice per 10,000 koku of land, and the implementation of this system resulted in the shogunate receiving 187,000 koku of rice tributes per year. This amount was about 13% of the shogunate's income at the time, and it is said to have accounted for more than 50% of the rice given to hatamoto and gokenin. However, since this system involved halving the period of residence in Edo under the sankin-kotai system (reducing one year to six months), many people opposed it, as it would change the original law that had been in place since Ieyasu. For this reason, it was abolished in 1731 (Kyoho 16) when the shogunate's finances had stabilized, and the sankin-kotai system was restored to its former form.

[Manabu Oishi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸時代、財政窮乏を理由に、幕府が諸藩に、また藩主が家臣に対して課した献上米。享保(きょうほう)の改革の一施策として、1722年（享保7）8代将軍徳川吉宗(よしむね)が諸大名に課した例が有名である。これは1万石につき100石の上米を命じたものであったが、この制度の施行により幕府は年間18万7000石の上納米を得た。この額は当時の幕府収入の約1割3分にあたり、旗本、御家人(ごけにん)への給米の5割強を占めたといわれる。しかしこの制度が、参勤交代制の江戸在府期間の半減化（1年を半年に短縮）を伴ったものであったため、家康以来の祖法を変えると反対する意見も多かった。このため幕府財政がいちおう安定した1731年（享保16）に廃止され、参勤交代制も旧に復した。

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