Ratites - Ratites

Japanese: 走鳥類 - そうちょうるい(英語表記)ratites
Ratites - Ratites

A general term for birds belonging to the order Strigiformes. They are also called Ratites. They include ostriches, rheas, cassowaries, emus, moas, aepyornis, and kiwis. All of these birds live on land, cannot fly, and, except for the kiwi, are large. One common feature is that they do not have a keel on their sternum, which is why they were once called Ratitae. However, the presence or absence of a keel is not that important in phylogenetic terms, and Ratites are considered to be relatively closely related to Tinamous, which do have a keel. It is also believed that Ratites cannot fly because they are not necessarily primitive, but because their wings and pectoral muscles have degenerated to adapt to life on land.

[Hiroyuki Morioka]

[Reference] | Ostrichidae
Emu
It is found in Australia, living in grasslands and wastelands. Its body is dark gray-brown, and the skin on its face and neck is exposed. Its wings have degenerated, so it cannot fly. It is about 200cm long, and 150-180cm tall. Emu family ©Shogakukan ">

Emu

Cassowary
It is found in New Guinea and its associated islands, and in northeastern Australia. The skin of the head and neck is exposed, and there is a large bony protrusion on the head and a red wattle on the neck. Total length 160cm, head height 180cm. Cassowary family ©Shogakukan ">

Cassowary

Ostrich
The largest living bird. It is found in sub-Saharan Africa and in open wastelands and savannas. The male (pictured) has a black body and white flight and tail feathers. The female is smaller than the male and is gray-brown in color. Total length is about 180 cm, head height is 250 cm (maximum). Ostrichidae ©Shogakukan ">

Ostrich

Vertical striped kiwi
Smithsonian Institution ">

Vertical striped kiwi


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鳥綱ダチョウ目に属する鳥の総称。走禽類(そうきんるい)ともいう。ダチョウ、レア、ヒクイドリ、エミュー、モア、エピオルニス、キーウィなどが含まれる。この仲間はすべて地上生で、飛ぶことはできず、キーウィを除いてみな巨大な鳥である。共通の特徴の一つは、胸骨に竜骨突起のないことで、このためかつては平胸類(へいきょうるい)Ratitaeとよばれていた。しかし、竜骨突起の有無は系統学上それほど重要なことではなく、走鳥類は、竜骨突起のあるシギダチョウ類と比較的類縁が近いとされている。また、走鳥類が飛べないのは、かならずしも原始的なためではなく、地上生活に適応して翼や胸筋が退化したためであると考えられている。

[森岡弘之]

[参照項目] | ダチョウ目
エミュー
オーストラリアに分布し、草原や荒れ地にすむ。体は暗灰褐色で、顔と頸側は皮膚が裸出する。翼は退化し、飛ぶことはできない。全長約200cm、頭高150~180cm。エミュー科©Shogakukan">

エミュー

オオヒクイドリ
ニューギニア島とその付属島嶼、オーストラリア北東部に分布。頭頸部は皮膚が裸出し、頭上に大きな骨質突起、頸に赤い肉垂れがある。全長160cm、頭高180cm。ヒクイドリ科©Shogakukan">

オオヒクイドリ

ダチョウ
現生の鳥類の最大種。サハラ砂漠以南のアフリカなどに分布し、開けた荒れ地やサバンナにすむ。雄(写真)は体が黒く、風切羽と尾羽は白色。雌は雄より小さく、全体が灰褐色。全長約180cm、頭高250cm(最大)。ダチョウ科©Shogakukan">

ダチョウ

タテジマキーウィ
スミソニアン協会">

タテジマキーウィ


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