Wiesel, Elie

Japanese: ウィーゼル(英語表記)Wiesel, Elie
Wiesel, Elie
Born: September 30, 1928, Sighet, Romania
[Died] July 2, 2016. New York, New York, United States. Romanian-born American Jewish author. Also known as Eliezer Wiesel. Known for his calm but poignant testimony of the Holocaust during World War II. In 1944, he was sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp with his family, losing his parents and other relatives. After the war, he moved to Paris and studied at the Sorbonne from 1948 to 1951. After graduating, he wrote for French and Israeli newspapers. In 1956, he moved to the United States and became a citizen in 1963. He was a professor at the City University of New York from 1972 to 1976, and in 1976 he became the Andrew W. Mellon Professor of Humanities at Boston University. During his time as a journalist in France, he was encouraged by the writer François Mauriac to bear witness to his experiences in the concentration camps. He wrote his first novel in Yiddish, "Un di velt hot geshvign" (1956), and its shortened French equivalent, La Nuit (1958). He gained attention with his autobiographical trilogy, which consisted of La Nuit (1956), La Nuit (1958), and La Nuit (1960). His other works include Le Mendiant de Jérusalem (1968) and the essay Un juif aujourd'hui (1977). These works reflect his experience as a Holocaust survivor and his attempt to resolve the ethical dilemma of why the Holocaust happened and what it reveals about the nature of human beings. His writing style is influenced by Jewish folklore and contemplative Hasidic literature (→ Hasidism). Winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986.

Weasel
Wiesel, Torsten Nils

Born June 3, 1924 in Uppsala, Sweden. Neurobiologist. Studied medicine at the Karolinska Institute (1954) and was invited to Johns Hopkins University in the United States. In 1959 he transferred to Harvard University, where he became a professor (74). Together with his colleague DH Hubel, he elucidated in detail the structure and function of the visual cortex of the cerebral cortex, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1981 with RW Sperry for their research on the functional differentiation of the cerebral hemispheres.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1928.9.30. ルーマニア,シゲト
[没]2016.7.2. アメリカ合衆国,ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク
ルーマニア生まれのアメリカ合衆国のユダヤ系作家。別名 Eliezer Wiesel。第2次世界大戦期のユダヤ人虐殺(→ホロコースト)の,冷静ながら烈々たる証言を示す作品で知られる。1944年アウシュウィッツ収容所に家族とともに送られ,両親ら親族を失った。戦後はパリに移住,1948~51年ソルボンヌ大学で学び,卒業後フランスとイスラエルの新聞に執筆。1956年アメリカに移住し,1963年市民権を得た。1972~76年ニューヨーク市立大学教授を務め,1976年ボストン大学でアンドリュー・W.メロン記念人文学教授に就任。フランスでのジャーナリスト時代,作家フランソア・モーリヤックから強制収容所での体験の証言者となるよう促され,イディシュ語による第一作 "Un di velt hot geshvign"(1956)と,それを縮めたフランス語の『夜』La Nuit(1958)を執筆。『夜』と,『夜明け』L'Aube(1960),『昼』Le Jour(1961)の自伝的三部作で注目を集めた。ほかの著作に『エルサレムの乞食』Le Mendiant de Jérusalem(1968),評論『今日のユダヤ人』Un juif aujourd'hui(1977)など。それらの作品は,ホロコーストの生き残りとしての経験や,なぜホロコーストが起こったのか,それが明らかにする人間の本質とはなんなのかという倫理的な苦悩の解決の試みを反映する。作風にはユダヤの民話や瞑想的なハシディズム文学(→ハシディズム)の影響が認められる。1986年ノーベル平和賞受賞。

ウィーゼル
Wiesel, Torsten Nils

[生]1924.6.3. ウプサラ
スウェーデンの神経生物学者。カロリンスカ研究所で医学を修め (1954) ,アメリカのジョンズ・ホプキンス大学に招かれる。 1959年にハーバード大学に転じ,同大学教授 (74) 。同僚の D.H.ヒューベルと共同で大脳皮質の視覚野の構造,機能を詳細に解明し,大脳半球の機能分化を研究した R.W.スペリーとともに 81年ノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞した。

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