Similarity - Souji (English spelling) similar

Japanese: 相似 - そうじ(英語表記)similar
Similarity - Souji (English spelling) similar
Mathematical term. (1) In general, when there is a one-to-one correspondence between points on two figures F and F', all lines connecting the corresponding points pass through a fixed point O, and the distance between each pair of points is divided internally or externally by O in the same ratio k , F and F' are said to be in similar positions, with O being the center of similarity and the constant ratio k being called the similarity ratio. Two figures that are in similar positions or can be placed in a similar position by moving them appropriately are said to be similar to each other, and similar figures are called similar figures. In similar figures F and F' with a similarity ratio k given as m : n , corresponding angles are equal, the ratio of the lengths of the corresponding parts is m : n , the ratio of the areas is m2 : n2 , and the ratio of the volumes is m3 : n3 . Mutually congruent figures are considered to be similar figures with a similarity ratio of 1 . (2) In the case of two ordered sets, if there exists a bijection between their elements that preserves the order relationship, that is, if the orders defined for these two sets are order isomorphic, then these ordered sets are said to be similar. (3) In the case of matrices, if there are two square matrices A and B , and there exists a regular matrix C such that B = C -1 AC , then A and B are said to be similar.

Similar Cleaning
analogy

A biology term. Homologous refers to the relationship between two organisms whose organs are similar in shape and function despite their different developmental origins (→ homology). For example, the relationship between the wings of a dragonfly and those of a sparrow. At the molecular level, hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in the blood of vertebrates, and hemocyanin, which is found in mollusks and has the same function, are completely different proteins, so they can also be said to be similar.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
数学用語。 (1) 図形について一般に2つの図形 F ,F′ 上の点同士の間に一対一対応がつけられ,その対応点を結ぶすべての直線が定点Oを通り,各2点間の距離がOによって同じ比 k に内分あるいは外分されるとき,F ,F′ は相似の位置にあるといい,このとき,Oを相似の中心,一定の比 k を相似比という。相似の位置にあるか,または適当に移動することによって相似の位置に置くことのできる2つの図形は互いに相似であるといい,相似な図形を相似形という。相似比 kmn で与えられている相似形 F ,F′ においては,対応する角が等しく,対応する部分の長さの比は mn ,面積の比は m2n2 ,体積の比は m3n3 となる。互いに合同な図形は,相似比が1の相似形と考えられる。 (2) 順序集合においては,2つの順序集合があって,それらの元の間に,順序関係を保つ全単射が存在するとき,すなわちこれら2つの集合に定義された順序が順序同型であるとき,これらの順序集合を相似であるということがある。 (3) 行列について,2つの正方行列 AB があって,BC-1AC を満足するような正則行列 C が存在すれば,AB は相似であるという。

相似
そうじ
analogy

生物学用語。発生学上はその由来が異なるにもかかわらず,生物の器官同士の形態が似ており,機能のうえからは互いに同じである場合の関係をいう (→相同 ) 。たとえばトンボの翅とスズメの翼との関係などがそうである。また分子レベルでも,脊椎動物の血液中の酸素運搬蛋白質であるヘモグロビンと,軟体動物などがもち同じ機能をしているヘモシアニンとは,蛋白質としてまったく別種のものなので,相似といえる。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Cleaning - Souji

>>:  Silk reeling

Asp
Asp
Blog    

Recommend

Paleo-Indian (English spelling)

...A general term for the prehistoric cultures th...

Pawnbroker's Ranch - Shidoronomaki

A ranch in the late ancient period in Totomi Provi...

Inexhaustible Plum Blossoms - Baikamujinzo

A collection of poems and prose by the mid-Muromac...

Sea creatures - Monsters

A general term for marine mammals, including Ceta...

Gross, David J.

Born: February 19, 1941 in Washington, DC American...

Chrysanthemum foliar nematode (leaf blight nematode)

A nematode of the Aphelenchoidae family. It is a n...

Dessert Culture - Dessert Culture

A prehistoric culture that was distributed in arid...

Motacilla flava (English spelling)

…[Hiroshi Hasegawa]. … *Some of the terminology t...

Pigment - Shikiso

A compound that selectively absorbs visible light...

Neurath, Otto

Born: December 10, 1882 in Vienna [Died] December ...

The Prayer of Manasseh

One of the Apocrypha of the Old Testament. It is s...

senior executive service

…Today, various measures are being taken to gradu...

Principle of virtual displacement

Another name for the principle of virtual work*. S...

Nicosia (English spelling)

The capital of Cyprus. Levkosía in Greek and Lefko...

Ayui, RJ - Ayui

…In response to a request from the National Assem...