This right is the right of a coastal state to continue the pursuit of a foreign ship, even on the high seas, when there is sufficient reason to believe that the ship has violated its domestic law. According to Article 111 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the place of the pursuit may be the internal waters, territorial sea, archipelagic waters, or contiguous zone (only when there is a violation of the rights protected by the establishment of such zones). It may also be extended to the exclusive economic zone or continental shelf (including safety zone) of the coastal state in the event of a violation of the laws of the coastal state applicable to the foreign ship in these zones. The pursuit may be conducted by warships, military aircraft, or other competent bodies. The right of pursuit ceases if the pursuit is interrupted or if the foreign ship enters the territorial waters of a third state. As a result of the pursuit, the foreign ship may be boarded, arrested, or taken to a port, but excessive measures that are out of proportion to the violation of domestic law that caused the pursuit are illegal. In the Aim Alon case (1929), the decision was made that the sinking of a smuggling ship was excessive and illegal. In time of war, the right of hot pursuit means that the blockade fleet will continue to pursue blockade-violating ships on the high seas outside the blockade line. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
外国船舶が自国の国内法令に違反したと信ずるに足る十分な理由が存在する場合に,沿岸国が公海上まで当該船舶を継続して追跡できる権利をいう。追跡開始の場所は,国連海洋法条約 111条によると,沿岸国の内水,領海,群島水域,接続水域 (当該水域の設定により保護される権利の侵害がある場合に限定) とされる。また,排他的経済水域や大陸棚 (安全区域を含む) で外国船舶に適用される沿岸国法令の違反がある場合には,これらの水域まで拡大される。追跡は,軍艦,軍用航空機その他の権限のある主体により行われる。追跡が中断された場合や,外国船舶が第三国の領海に入った場合には追跡権は消滅する。追跡の結果,外国船舶に対して臨検・拿捕・港への引致が行われうるが,追跡の原因となった国内法令違反との比例を欠く過剰な措置は違法である。アイム・アロン号事件 (1929) の判決では,密輸用船舶を撃沈したことが過剰であり違法であるとされた。戦時では,追跡権は封鎖侵破の船舶を封鎖艦隊が封鎖線外の公海上間で継続して追跡することを意味する。
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