Charles Maurras

Japanese: モーラス - もーらす(英語表記)Charles Maurras
Charles Maurras

French thinker. Born in Martigues in the south of France. He started out as a poet of the "Romane" school, but as seen in his collection of essays "Antinère" (1900), he saw the pinnacle of universal beauty and perfect harmony in ancient Greece, and rejected modern thought and literature. This position was supported by a sense of crisis about modern society dominated by money through his experience with the Dreyfus Affair, and transformed into Monarcism, which sought the restoration of the monarchy as a utopia that could realize the restoration of the spirit, and in 1899 he founded the ideological group "Action Française." His ideas, as seen in "The Future of Intelligence" (L'Avenir de l'intelligence) (1905) and "Questionnaire des monarchies" (1909), had a great influence on French youth from the 1900s to the 1930s, and he was a spiritual pillar of the right wing. For his collaboration with the Vichy regime during World War II, he was sentenced to life imprisonment after the Liberation of France and removed from the membership of the Académie Française, which he had held since 1938. His other works include the critique Les Amants de Venice (1902), and the poetry collections Les Musicaux Inneres (1925) and Mein Political Ideology (1937).

[Watanabe Kazutami]

"The Lovers of Venice: George Sand and Musset" (translated by Toshio Goto) (1972, Yayoi Shobo)

[Reference] | Action Française

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの思想家。南仏マルチーグに生まれる。「ロマーヌ」派の詩人として出発、評論集『アンティネア』(1900)にみられるように、古代ギリシアに普遍的美の極致と完璧(かんぺき)な調和をみいだし、近代の思想・文学を否定した。こうした立場はドレフュス事件の経験を通じて、金に支配される近代社会への危機意識に支えられ、精神の復権を実現しうるユートピアとしての王政復古を希求するモナルシスムに転化し、1899年思想団体「アクシオン・フランセーズ」を創始した。『知性の未来』L'Avenir de l'intelligence(1905)や『君主政治に関するアンケート』(1909)にうかがわれるその思想は、1900年代から1930年代にかけてのフランスの青春に大きな影響を与え、右翼の精神的支柱であった。第二次世界大戦中ビシー政権に協力したため、フランス解放後、終身禁錮に処せられ、1938年以来占めていたアカデミー・フランセーズ会員の座からも追われた。作品としてはほかに評論『ベネチアの恋人たち』(1902)、詩集『内面の音楽』(1925)、『わが政治思想』(1937)などがある。

[渡辺一民]

『後藤敏雄訳『ヴェネチアの恋人たち――ジョルジュ・サンドとミュッセ』(1972・弥生書房)』

[参照項目] | アクシオン・フランセーズ

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