This refers to a condition in which the hip joint is dislocated from birth, and is called congenital dislocation of the hip, or CDH. Originally, it was a dislocation seen as a developmental defect of the bones that make up the hip joint, in other words, a congenital morphological abnormality, and although it is a dislocation that occurs mainly in the womb due to an embryonic deficiency, it is rare. In contrast, typical congenital dislocation of the hip is usually seen and is thought to be caused by acquired factors such as relaxation of the joint capsule and ligaments, mechanical factors due to abnormal position in the womb, and factors in the childcare environment after birth, and the femoral head dislocates from the acetabulum after birth. If left untreated, it can cause lameness and walking difficulties. It is more common in girls, occurring five to six times more often than boys. It is a disease that has been known in literature since ancient Greece, and was once very common in Japan, where treatment included a reduction method called the Lorentz position, plaster cast immobilization, and massage. However, early detection through newborn and infant checkups led to widespread early treatment, and from around 1960, functional therapy known as the Riemenbuegel method was used, and the number of patients with walking disabilities has decreased dramatically due to increased attention to preventive methods for congenital hip dislocation during childcare. [Takashi Nagai] Riemenbuegel methodThis is a functional treatment for congenital dislocation of the hip joint, which was published in German by Czechoslovakian A. Pavlik in 1957, and was introduced to Japan by orthopedic surgeon Ryohei Suzuki (1922-). Riemenbügel, also translated as "stirrup band," is a therapeutic device consisting of a band that hangs from the shoulder and a band that hangs like a stirrup on the foot, and is worn with both hip joints of the patient bent at about 90 degrees. When the patient tries to extend his/her legs, since the legs are hanging from the sides of the body, a force is applied to abduct the thighs, just as the hip joint is abducted when pushing the feet into the stirrups while riding a horse, which helps to reduce the hip joint. Most cases are reduced within one or two weeks after wearing, and the bands are gradually loosened and removed after three to six months. If spontaneous reduction does not occur even with this brace, manual reduction or open reduction is performed. [Takashi Nagai] Childcare precautionsThis is an important method of preventing congenital hip dislocation, and it is said that the frequency of dislocation can be significantly reduced by simply taking care not to passively and suddenly extend the bent limbs of newborns in the womb, and allowing them to naturally stretch their legs over time. In other words, the diaper should only be placed on the groin, and the legs should not be stretched out and wrapped around the baby. The diaper cover should be fastened to the lower abdomen with a belt about 2 cm wide, and the groin cloth should be fastened to this. Any strings that tighten the lower legs of underwear should be removed. Pants and clothes should have a sufficiently wide groin area. When holding a baby, hold the baby facing your lower abdomen or waist, bend the hip joints more than 90 degrees, and rest the head on your upper arm. This is also the way to hold the baby when breastfeeding. In short, it is important to keep the hip joints in a flexed and abducted position (a position with the hips wide open), and it is desirable to implement this for all babies from the moment they are born. [Takashi Nagai] Newborn and infant screeningThe next important thing is the newborn and infant check-ups, which are performed within one week of birth. In these check-ups, the limb position, restriction of hip joint extension, leg length discrepancy, and the click sign are checked. The "click" is an onomatopoeic word used to describe the sound that occurs when the femoral head is reduced or dislocated within the acetabulum as the angle of extension increases or decreases, and the palpable noise during this position is called the click sign. Applying some force to induce this can help diagnose neonatal dislocations due to joint laxity, but pressing too hard can cause new loosening in the hip joint. X-rays are not usually performed on newborns. If congenital dislocation of the hip is discovered during this examination, the first thing to be done is the Riemenbuegel maneuver. This creates favorable conditions for healing, and in fact, most cases are reduced and heal naturally. However, about 10-15% of cases do not reduce, and as mentioned above, manual reduction or, in some cases, surgical reduction are performed, but the prognosis for children who have undergone the Riemenbuegel maneuver is relatively good. [Takashi Nagai] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生まれつき股関節が脱臼(きゅう)しているものをいい、先天股脱と略称され、CDHと略記される。本来は股関節を構成する骨の発育欠陥、つまり先天性の形態異常としてみられる脱臼であり、おもに胚(はい)形質欠損によって子宮内で発生する脱臼をさすが、頻度は少ない。これに対して通常みられる定型的先天股脱は、関節包や靭帯(じんたい)の弛緩(しかん)、子宮内の胎位異常による機械的因子や出生後の育児環境因子など後天的要因によるものと考えられ、出生後に骨頭が寛骨臼から脱臼する。放置すれば跛行(はこう)、歩行障害を生ずる。女子に多く、男子の5、6倍発生する。 文献的には古代ギリシア時代から知られている疾患であり、かつては日本でも非常に多く、ローレンツ肢位とよばれる整復法とギプス固定、およびマッサージなどの後療法が行われていた。しかし、新生児および乳児検診によって早期に発見されるようになり、早期治療が普及して、1960年(昭和35)ころからは、リーメンビューゲル法とよばれる機能的療法が行われるようになり、また育児上の先天性股関節脱臼の予防法などの注意の喚起によって歩行障害を残すような患者は非常に少なくなった。 [永井 隆] リーメンビューゲル法1957年にチェコスロバキアのパブリックA. Pavlikがドイツ語で発表した先天股脱の機能的療法で、整形外科医の鈴木良平(1922― )により日本へ紹介された。リーメンビューゲルRiemenbügelは「あぶみバンド」とも訳され、肩からつるバンドと鐙(あぶみ)状に足をつるバンドからなる治療装具で、患児の両股関節を90度前後に屈曲した肢位に装着する。患児が下肢を伸展しようとすると、足が体の側面からつられているので、乗馬の際に鐙に足をふんばると股関節が外転するのと同じように、大腿(だいたい)を外転させる力が加わり、これが股関節の整復に役だつことになる。装着後1、2週以内にその多くが整復され、その後徐々にバンドを緩めて3~6か月で除去する。 なお、この装具によっても自然整復されない場合は、徒手整復や観血的整復が行われる。 [永井 隆] 育児上の注意先天股脱の予防法として重視されているもので、新生児に対し、子宮内にいたときの屈曲した肢位を他動的に急激に伸展させないよう心がけ、時間をかけて自然に脚を伸ばすことができるように注意するだけで脱臼の発生頻度が大幅に減少するといわれている。すなわち、おむつは股間だけに当て、脚を伸ばして包むようなことはしない。おむつカバーは下腹部を幅2センチメートルほどのベルトで留め、これに股間部の布を留めるようにする。肌着の下肢のところを締めるような紐(ひも)などは除去する。ズボンや服は股間部を十分に広くする。抱く場合は、下腹部や腰に向かい合わせに子供を抱き、股関節を90度以上屈曲して、頭部を自分の上腕部にもたせかけるようにする。授乳をする場合もこの抱き方で行う。要するに、股関節を屈曲外転位(股(また)を大きく開いた開排位)にするよう心がけるわけで、生まれてすぐから全児に対して実施することが望まれる。 [永井 隆] 新生児および乳児検診次に重要なことは、生後1週間以内に行われる新生児検診と乳児検診である。この検診では、肢位、開排制限、脚長差、クリックサインなどがチェックされる。クリックclickとは、開排角の増減に応じて骨頭が寛骨臼内に整復されたり脱臼したりするときにおこる擬音語で、この開排位での雑音触知をクリックサインという。これを誘発するつもりで多少力を加えて行うことにより、関節弛緩性の新生児脱臼の診断に役だつが、強くやりすぎると股関節に緩みを新たにつくる危険がある。X線検査は、新生児には普通行われない。 この検診で先天股脱が発見されると、まずリーメンビューゲル法が行われる。これにより治りやすい条件を与えるわけで、事実、大部分が整復されて自然治癒する。それでも10~15%くらいは整復されないことがあり、前述のように徒手整復や、場合によっては手術による整復が行われるが、リーメンビューゲル法を実施した患児の予後は比較的よい。 [永井 隆] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Birth chart - Sentenzu (English spelling) Xiān tiān tú
To be precise, it is read as "Ishichiryo.&quo...
A security standard for wireless LAN. It was prop...
…The function of a fastener is determined by its ...
A city in central Fukui Prefecture. It was incorpo...
...There are two methods for making colored films...
A sleeveless vest or vest made of quilted or padd...
L'Aquila is the capital of the Abruzzo region ...
...The city's population is 1,210,503 (1981),...
This is a treatise on haiku poetry by Toho. It wa...
… [Pruning methods and tools] To create the basic...
...In addition, there are special tires such as s...
…It is a term used to describe the change in form...
The name of the region in southern Germany, stretc...
Nelson-Marlborough is the capital of the Nelson-Ma...
...It is believed that the Sumerians were already...