Also known as a selection rule or selection law. A rule that determines whether a transition between two steady states of a system is permitted or forbidden. The magnitude of the transition probability between two steady states of a system is proportional to the square of the transition moment, but whether this value will be 0 or not is often uniquely determined by the properties of the eigenfunctions of the states related to the transition. For example, in the case of an electronic transition due to light absorption, if the two eigenfunctions have different spin multiplicities and there is no spin-orbit interaction, the value of the transition moment will be 0. Therefore, no spectrum for this transition will be observed. In addition, there are selection rules for electronic transitions based on molecular symmetry. There are also selection rules for vibrational spectra, rotational spectra, etc. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
選択規則,選択律ともいう.系の二つの定常状態間の遷移が許容であるか,禁制であるかを決定する規則.系の二つの定常状態間の遷移確率の大きさは,その遷移モーメントの2乗に比例するが,この値が0になるかどうかは,遷移に関係する状態の固有関数の性質によって一義的に決められることが多い.たとえば,光吸収による電子遷移の場合,二つの固有関数のスピン多重度が異なっていて,スピン-軌道相互作用がない場合,遷移モーメントの値は0となる.したがって,この遷移に対するスペクトルは観測されない.このほか,電子遷移に対しては,分子の対称性による選択則などがある.また振動スペクトル,回転スペクトルなどに対しても,それぞれの選択則がある. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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