It is a non-profit corporation whose duties include (1) establishing regulations regarding ship structure and equipment, (2) inspecting ships in accordance with those regulations, classifying them, registering them in the class register, and issuing class certificates, and (3) issuing a ship name directory for registered ships. Insurance systems for ships and their cargo have been developed since ancient times, and in the past, insurers would inspect and assess the quality of the ships they were insured for, similar to today's house insurance. As ship structures and equipment became more specialized and the number of ships increased, independent organizations began to inspect and assess the quality of ships, which was the beginning of classification societies. Lloyd's Register in the UK is the oldest in the world, having been established in 1760. At the time, it only provided shipping-related information and issued a ship's register, but it soon created its own shipbuilding regulations, inspected ships, assigned qualifications and classes, and established a system of listing them in the ship's register. After that, major shipping nations around the world followed suit and established classification societies. In Japan, the Teikoku Kaiji Kyokai was established in 1899 (Meiji 32), and was renamed Nippon Kaiji Kyokai in 1946 (Showa 21). It has expanded its business along with the development of shipbuilding and shipping. Classification societies are operated fairly by representatives of shipowners, shipbuilders, insurers, regulatory agencies, etc. The world's major classification societies are abbreviated as follows: LR (Lloyd's Register of Shipping), ABS (American Bureau of Shipping), BV (Bureau Veritas), and NK (Nippon Kaiji Kyokai). Each country also has its own class notation that indicates the ship's performance, which are mutually recognized. For example, "100A1 (Hundred A One)" indicates that the ship has passed the hull inspection by the LR class, and "LMC" indicates that the engines have also passed. In NK, the same things as the above two examples are indicated by the symbols "NS" and "NMS." [Torao Shigezai] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
非営利の法人で、〔1〕船の構造や設備に関する規則を制定する、〔2〕それに従って船を検査し、船級を与え、船級原簿に登録し、船級証書を発行する、〔3〕登録した船の船名録を発行する、などの業務を行う。 船やその積み荷については古くから保険制度が発達し、かつては現在の家屋の保険と同様に、保険業者が対象となる船の品質を調査して判定していた。船の構造や設備が専門化し隻数も増加するにつれて、調査や判定を独立の機関で行うようになったのが船級協会の始まりである。イギリスのロイド船級協会は世界でもっとも古く、1760年に設立されている。そのころは海運関係の情報を提供し、船名録を発行する程度であったが、やがて独自の造船規則をつくり、船を検査し、資格や等級を与え、船名録に記載するという制度を創設した。その後、世界の主要海運国はこれに倣って船級協会を設けるようになった。日本では1899年(明治32)帝国海事協会が創設され、1946年(昭和21)日本海事協会と改称、造船、海運の発展に伴って業績を拡大してきた。船級協会は、船主、造船業者、保険業者、監督官庁などの代表者によって公平に運用されている。 世界のおもな船級協会は、次のように略称されている。LR(イギリス・ロイド船級協会Lloyd's Register of Shipping)、ABS(アメリカ船級協会American Bureau of Shipping)、BV(フランス船級協会Bureau Veritas)、NK(日本海事協会Nippon Kaiji Kyokai)。また、船の性能を表示する船級付記符号も各国別にあり、互いに認め合っている。たとえば「100A1(ハンドレッドAワン)」は、LR船級で船体検査に合格したことを示す。また「LMC」は同じく機関が合格したものであることを示している。前記二例と同じ意味のものを、NKでは「NS」および「NMS」の符号で示している。 [茂在寅男] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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