Sammai - Sanmai

Japanese: 三昧 - さんまい

〘Noun〙 Buddhist term. ① (Transliteration of samādhi. Also transliterated as samadi and samachi. Translated as samādhi, samādhi right concentration, equal concentration, etc.) A state in which one is free from all other thoughts and concentrates the mind on one object, without becoming scattered. When one enters this state, correct wisdom arises and the object is grasped correctly. Samādhi. Samadhi right acceptance. *Prince Shotoku's Calendar (around 917), _Part 2: "His Imperial _{Highness entered} into samādhi meditation. I dared _not be _astonished ." *Genji (around 1001-14), Akashi, "He built an imposing hall and practiced samādhi." ② Supernatural powers obtained by unifying and concentrating the mind. ※Konjaku (around 1120) 3 "Along the way, the two monks suddenly displayed 18 transformations, entered the state of Bodhisattva-wide-realization samadhi, emitted light, preached the law, and revealed things from their previous lives." ③ To master the mysteries of things and obtain their wonders. ※Inryoken Nikki - May 7, 1488 (Chokyo 2 ) "Last night, Kano Oinosuke came and said, "I have been in _Otsu for the past five or six days. _{I am also} with _Kyoto Choichi. He _spoke of all these things in _samadhi . He is in fact a stranger." ④ An abbreviation of "sanmaiba (place of samadhi)." *Otogi Zoushi, Toribeyama Monogatari (included in Ruiju) (late Muromachi period) “Then Tamibu went to the place where the deceased was mourning and saw a vain sign.” *Ukiyo Zoushi, Kaisui (1687) 4 “The smoke looked like the seed of sorrow in the samadhi , and most of them were the graves of young boys.” ⑤ One of the six ranks of Zen monks at Mount Koya. ※Kōyasan documents - 1221, 3rd year of Jōkyū (1221), October last day, Gon-daisozu Seihenhosho: “Among the mountain monks, there are six ranks, so-called ajari, mountain seclusion, temple entry, samadhi, long-term resident, and many others.” [Essay] (1) In Japan, it was originally used as a Buddhist term in the context of chanting the Nembutsu or sutras, and was generally used in the forms of “Amida samadhi” and “Hokke samadhi,” or “samadhi” alone, as in “performing Buddhist matters with one mind and without distraction.” The meaning of ② was derived from that meaning.
(2) The meanings of ① and ② have strong Buddhist overtones, but since the early modern period, they have moved away from this Buddhist overtone and have taken on meanings such as "doing only one thing (as one pleases)" and "doing as one pleases." They have become voiced as "zanmai" and are often used in conjunction with nouns, such as "prodigal debauchery" and "evil deed bauchery." → zanmai (Zanmai)

Zammai [Zanmai]

〘Suffix〙 (From "sanmai (absorption)①". Often used in combination with a noun)① Expresses the meaning of devoting oneself to or being absorbed in that thing. [Nippo Jisho (1603-04)] ※Old printed book Zhuangzi Sho (around 1620) 2 "Morning and evening I am absorbed in bows and arrows" ② Expresses the meaning of relying entirely on that thing or leaning one-sidedly in that direction. ※Joruri, Yoritomo Hamade (1686) 3 "If there is any resentment, now is the time to attack the Jishu sect with my sword."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙仏語。① (samādhi の音訳。三摩提・三摩地とも音訳。定・正定・等持などと訳す) 雑念を離れて心を一つの対象に集中し、散乱しない状態をいう。この状態に入るとき、正しい智慧が起こり、対象が正しくとらえられるとする。三摩堤(さんまだい)。三昧正受。※聖徳太子伝暦（917頃か）下「殿下入_二三昧定_一。敢莫_レ奉_レ驚」※源氏（1001‐14頃）明石「いかめしき堂を建てて、三昧を行ひ」② 精神を統一、集中することによって得た超能力。※今昔（1120頃か）三「途中にして此の二人の沙彌、俄に十八変を現じ、菩薩普現三昧(ざんまい)に入て、光を放て、法を説き、前生の事を現ず」③ 物事の奥義を究め、その妙所を得ること。※蔭凉軒日録‐長享二年（1488）五月七日「晩来狩野大炊助来云、此五六十日在_二大津_一。与_二京兆_一同所。件々彼三昧話_レ之。実異人也」④ 「さんまいば（三昧場）」の略。※御伽草子・鳥部山物語（類従所収）（室町末）「さて民部は、なくなくさんまいのかたに行て、むなしきしるしをみるにも」※浮世草子・懐硯（1687）四「煙は愁の種なる三昧(さんマイ)を見しに、おほくは少年の塚」⑤ 高野山で、禅侶中六重の階位の一つ。※高野山文書‐承久三年（1221）一〇月晦日・権大僧都静遍奉書「山禅侶之中、有六重階位、所謂阿闍梨、山籠、入寺、三昧、久住者、衆分也」[語誌](1)日本では、本来、仏教語として、念仏や誦経の場に用い、「阿彌陀三昧」や「法華三昧」といった用い方、また、「三昧」単独で、「一心不乱に仏事を行なうこと」といった用い方が一般的であった。その意味から、②の意味が派生した。
(2)①②の意味は仏教的な色彩が濃いが、近世以降、この仏教的色彩から離れて「ある一つのことだけを（好き勝手に）する」「心のままである」といった意味も派生し、「ざんまい」と濁音化して、「放蕩三昧」「悪行三昧」などのように、多く名詞と結びついて用いられるようになった。→ざんまい（三昧）

ざんまい【三昧】

〘接尾〙 (「さんまい（三昧）①」から。多く名詞と熟合して用いる)① その事に専心、または熱中する意を表わす。〔日葡辞書（1603‐04）〕※古活字本荘子抄（1620頃）二「朝夕弓矢三昧ぞ」② そのことをもっぱら頼りにしたり、その方向に一方的に傾いたりする意を表わす。※浄瑠璃・頼朝浜出（1686）三「遺恨あらば折こそあらめ、今、時宗に向っての太刀ざんまい」

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