A meteorite made up mainly of iron-nickel alloy. There are few reports of sightings of meteorites at the time of their fall, but many have been discovered after their fall. Some meteorites, such as the Hoba iron meteorite found in Southwest Africa, weighed as much as 60 tons. The main constituent minerals of iron meteorites are iron-nickel alloys (kamasite and taenite), graphite, troilite, and schreibersite (Fe, Ni) 3 P. Currently, iron meteorites are classified into several types based on their structure and chemical composition (especially nickel, gallium, germanium, and iridium). The oldest classification based on structure is into octahedral meteorites, hexahedral meteorites, and massive meteorites. Octahedral meteorites have a triangular or parallelogram-like striped pattern called the Widmanstätten pattern, and hexahedral meteorites have thin lines called Neumann lines that are thought to have been created by a weak impact. Lumped iron meteorites do not show any special structure like the previous two, and it is thought that they cooled relatively quickly. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
鉄-ニッケル合金を主成分とする隕石。落下時の目撃例は少いが,落下後の発見例は多い。これらのなかには南西アフリカで発見されたホーバ鉄隕石のように全重量が 60tもあるようなものがある。鉄隕石のおもな構成鉱物は鉄-ニッケル合金 (カマサイトとテーナイト) ,石墨,トロイライト,シュライバーサイト (Fe,Ni)3P などである。現在では鉄隕石の組織と化学組成 (特にニッケル,ガリウム,ゲルマニウム,イリジウム) をもとにいくつかの分類が行われている。特に古くから行われた組織上の分類は八面体晶隕鉄と六面体晶隕鉄,塊状隕鉄である。八面体晶隕鉄にはウィドマンシュテッテン模様と呼ばれる三角形ないし平行四辺形の縞状模様がみられ,六面体晶隕鉄には弱い衝撃によってつくられたと考えられるノイマン線と呼ばれる細い線がみられる。塊状隕鉄は前二者のような特別の組織を示さないもので,冷却速度が比較的速かったものと考えられている。
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