One year priest - Ichinenkannushi

Japanese: 一年神主 - いちねんかんぬし
One year priest - Ichinenkannushi

The term refers to a person who takes turns presiding over the execution of religious rites at a Miyaza, taking turns once a year. Nowadays, the term Shinto priest means a professional priest, but before the early modern period, many Shinto priests were villagers who played the role during festivals. In the case of shrines that form a Miyaza, even if there is a professional priest, a one-year Shinto priest is selected from the members of the za separately. Their main duties are cleaning the ritual grounds, making offerings, and reciting norito (prayer prayers). There are various methods of rotation among elders, or drawing lots among certain age groups. Shinto priests generally observe abstinence from certain things in order to maintain a pure lifestyle, but the one-year Shinto priest at Miho Shrine in Shimane Prefecture is also in charge of oracles, which is thought to reflect an older style.

[Masaru Sasaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

宮座において1年交代で神事の執行を主宰する者をいう。神主といえば、いまでこそ専業の神職を意味するようになったが、近世以前の多くの神主は、村人が祭りの期間にその役割を担っていた。宮座を形成しているような神社の場合には、専業の神職がいても、それとは別に座員から一年神主を出す。祭場の清掃や献饌(けんせん)、祝詞(のりと)奏上をおもな勤めとしている。長老の輪番制や一定の年齢集団におけるくじなど交代の様式はさまざまである。神主は一般に清浄の生活を保つために物忌みをするが、島根県の美保(みほ)神社の一年神主はそれに加えて託宣をつかさどっており、古態を示していると考えられる。

[佐々木勝]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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