Seafarers' insurance

Japanese: 船員保険 - せんいんほけん
Seafarers' insurance

A system of social insurance in Japan. The insurer is the government, and the insured are seamen covered by the Seamen's Law (Law No. 100, 1947). It was established in 1939 (Showa 14) based on the Seamen's Insurance Law (Law No. 73, 1939) to guarantee the livelihood of seamen who live at sea. Its distinctive feature from the beginning was that in addition to medical benefits and injury and sickness allowances, it placed emphasis on a pension system that did not exist for land-based workers at the time. The fact that a separate system was created from that for general employees is due to the unique nature of seafaring, and there are many examples of this in other countries as well. With the establishment of the Workmen's Accident Compensation Insurance and Unemployment Insurance systems after World War II, Seamen's Insurance also encompassed these two, becoming a system that collectively covers all of the health insurance, welfare pension insurance, employment insurance, and workmen's accident compensation insurance for land-based workers. This type of seamen's insurance is called comprehensive social insurance, which expresses its unique nature. However, while it is natural that a balanced system should be established in relation to social insurance for land-based workers, the fact that the number of insured persons was decreasing deserves attention, and a legal amendment in 1985 resulted in the pension sector being absorbed into the Employees' Pension Insurance.

[Takashi Saguchi]

[Reference item] | Employee's pension insurance | Social insurance

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

日本の社会保険の一制度。保険者は政府、被保険者は船員法(昭和22年法律100号)の適用を受ける船員である。1939年(昭和14)に船員保険法(昭和14年法律73号)に基づいて、海上生活をしている船員の生活の保障を内容として発足した。当初からの特色は、療養の給付・傷病手当金のほかに、当時まだ陸上労働者になかった年金制度に重点が置かれていたことである。一般被用者とは別個の制度がつくられていることは、海上労働という特殊性に基づくもので、外国でもその例は多い。第二次世界大戦後における労災保険・失業保険制度の制定に伴って、船員保険もこの二つを包括し、陸上労働者の健康保険、厚生年金保険、雇用保険、労災保険のすべてを一括する制度となった。このような船員保険を称して総合的社会保険とよび、その特殊性を表現している。しかし、陸上労働者に対する社会保険との関係で均衡のある制度の整備が望まれるのは当然としても、被保険者数の減少という状況は注目されるべきで、85年(昭和60)の法改正で年金部門は厚生年金に吸収されることとなった。

[佐口 卓]

[参照項目] | 厚生年金保険 | 社会保険

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