A general term for small animals belonging to the class Crustacea of the phylum Arthropoda. Taxonomically, they are treated as a subclass of Copepoda. They are commonly called "Arthropoda", but are also called "Gyokyaku", "Jokyaku", and recently, for ease of understanding, "Copepoda". There are more than 6,000 known species, but the majority are free-living planktonic marine species, found at depths of several thousand meters. They are divided into the orders Calanoida, Harpacticoida, Cyclopida, Asthma, Monstrilida, Cynodontida, and Longnose, and generally have a body length of 1 to 4 millimeters. The body consists of an oblong prosoma and a long, slender posterior body. The prosoma consists of the head and the first to fifth thoracic segments, and the posterior body consists of four segments in females and five segments in males. Following the terminal segment of the posterior body, the forked limbs branch out. In parasitic species, the body shape changes dramatically, and at first glance it is often hard to tell that they are copepods. Copepods are by far the most numerous of all zooplankton in terms of both species and individuals, and are distributed widely both horizontally and vertically, making them extremely important as natural food for fish. [Masamichi Takeda] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
節足動物門甲殻綱に属する小動物の総称。分類学的には亜綱Copepodaとして扱われる。慣用的に「どうきゃく類」とよばれるが、「ぎょうきゃく類」「じょうきゃく類」などともよばれ、また最近は、わかりやすくするため「かいあし類」ともよぶ。6000種以上が知られているが、海産の浮遊性自由生活種が断然多く、数千メートルの深海まで分布している。カラヌス目、ハルパクチクス目、キクロプス目、ホヤノシラミ目、モンストリラ目、ウオジラミ目、ナガクビムシ目に分けられ、体長は一般に1~4ミリメートルである。体は長楕円(ちょうだえん)形の前体部と細長い後体部からなる。前体部は頭部と第1~第5胸節からなり、後体部は雌では4節、雄では5節からなる。後体部の末節に続いて叉肢(さし)が分枝する。寄生生活種では体形が著しく変化して、一見それが橈脚類とは思えないことがしばしばある。橈脚類は動物プランクトン中で種数、個体数とも断然多く、水平・垂直分布も広く、魚類の天然餌料(じりょう)として非常に重要である。 [武田正倫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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