Cut rhyme - Setin

A Chinese rhyming book. Five volumes. Compiled by Lu Fayan (c. 560-?). Completed in 601 (the first year of Renshou in the Sui Dynasty). A rhyming book is a type of dictionary that specifies the range of rhyming characters that can be selected when composing poetry (i.e., rhymes). It was compiled to show the best rhyming, based on a proposal made by famous scholars such as Yan Zhitui, Xiao Sa, and Lu Shuang (the author's father) who criticized the various rhyming books from the Six Dynasties. The title of the book means " Proper Rhyming Book ." It divides over 12,000 Chinese characters into 193 rhymes. The rhymes are divided into small rhymes that contain homophones, and their pronunciation is recorded using the antonym "hansetsu." It was welcomed by the world as an authoritative rhyming book, and many revised editions were created, such as Wang Renhuo's Kanbyo Buketsu Qieyun of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Xun's Tang Yun, and the Northern Song Dynasty's Guangyun, which are collectively known as rhyming books of the Qieyun system. However, because these rhymes are too detailed, Tang poets chose rhyming characters by appropriately using rhymes that were similar in pronunciation. Qieyun itself has been lost, but Guangyun and the complete version of Kanbyo Buketsu Qieyun (discovered after World War II) still exist, and various fragments of rhyming books of the Qieyun system have been discovered in Dunhuang and other places, and through these we can roughly estimate the content of Qieyun. The pronunciation system (called "Middle pronunciation") reconstructed using linguistic methods based on the presumed "Fang-Qi" of "Qiyun" is the oldest Chinese pronunciation for which detailed information is available, and marks an important milestone in the history of Chinese phonology.

[Hisao Hirayama]

"Chinese Phonology" by Akiyasu Todo (1980, Koseikan) "Rhyme in Tang Poetry" by Tamaki Ogawa (included in "Chinese Linguistics Studies" 1977, Sobunsha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の韻書。五巻。陸法言(りくほうげん)（560ころ―？）撰(せん)。601年（隋(ずい)の仁寿1）成書。韻書とは、作詩の際に押韻字を選びうる範囲（すなわち韻）を定めた一種の字書。顔之推(がんしすい)、蕭該(しょうがい)、陸爽(りくそう)（著者の父）など著名な学者が六朝(りくちょう)の諸韻書を批判して定めた案により、最善の分韻を示すものとして編まれた。書名は「適切なる韻書」の意。1万2000余の漢字を193の韻に分けた。韻の内部は同音字を集めた小韻に分かれ、反切(はんせつ)を用いてその発音が記された。権威ある韻書として世に迎えられ、唐の王仁昫(おうじんく)『刊謬補缺(かんびょうほけつ)切韻』、孫愐(そんめん)『唐韻』、北宋(ほくそう)の『広韻』など多くの増訂本がつくられ、これらは切韻系韻書と総称される。ただし、これらの分韻にはあまりに細かすぎる点があるため、唐の詩人たちは発音の近い韻を適宜通用して押韻字を選んでいる。『切韻』そのものは亡逸したが、『広韻』と完本(かんぽん)『刊謬補缺切韻』（第二次世界大戦後に発見）が現存し、また種々の切韻系韻書断簡が敦煌(とんこう)などから発見され、これらを通じて『切韻』の内容をだいたい推定できる。推定された『切韻』の反切をもとに言語学的方法により再構成される発音体系（「中古音」という）は、詳細を知ることのできる最古の中国語音として、中国語音韻史の重要な節目(ふしめ)をなしている。

［平山久雄］

『藤堂明保著『中国語音韻論』（1980・光生館）』▽『小川環樹著『唐詩の押韻』（『中国語学研究』所収・1977・創文社）』

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