Male traits

…In plants and lower animals, the individual that transfers the relatively small and actively moving microgametes to the other individual (female) is called the male. However, in lower organisms, even if they are genetically male, their sex can change depending on environmental conditions or during development, and there are also organisms in which the sex of an individual is relatively determined, such as the blue-green algae and fishes such as wrasses and anthias. Therefore, biologically, an individual that has more of the characteristics common to males (called male traits) is called a male. Male traits are the testes that produce sperm (primary sexual characteristics), the reproductive organs such as the vas deferens and seminal vesicles (secondary sexual characteristics), and the external appearance that is unique to males and differs from females (tertiary sexual characteristics). …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "male traits" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…植物や下等動物では，比較的小さくて活発に運動する小配偶子を相手個体(雌)へ移すほうの個体を雄という。しかし，遺伝的に雄であっても，下等生物では，環境条件や発生途中で性が転換するものがあり，またアオミドロや魚のベラやハナダイのように個体の性が相対的にきまるものもいるため，生物学的には雄に共通な性質(雄形質という)をより多くもった個体を雄という。雄形質とは，精子をつくる精巣(一次性徴)，輸精管や貯精囊など生殖腺付属器官(二次性徴)，そして雌とはちがう雄に特有の外形(三次性徴)をいう。…

※「雄形質」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報