Barrier -

Japanese: 結界 - けっかい

〘Noun〙① Buddhist term. Meaning to restrict an area. (i) To separate and define a kind of sacred area by a specific method so that there are no obstacles to Buddhist training. Also, that sacred area. There are three types of sacred areas: the Shosokai, which restricts the area for performing things like Fusatsu, the Shokukai , which is an area where it is not considered a sin to take off one's clothes, and the Shokukai, which is a place where one does not violate the precepts regarding food. In terms of scope, they are divided into three types: the Great Barrier, the Medium Barrier, and the Small Barrier. *Tonan-in documents - 2/5, Tenki 4 (1056), May 3, official decree proposal "Cut blood and shave flesh, smudge the sacred land, break down obstacles, and fear the window to learn Zen" (b) In esoteric Buddhism, restricting a certain area of a training hall to ward off evil. ※Sandai Jitsuroku - August 5, 1st year of the Gangyo era (877): "On the 5th day of the fifth _month , on the 5th of the _fifth day, in the Imperial Palace. Until _{the 25th} of _{the fifth} day, the barrier ritual is performed." (Ha) To not allow those who are obstacles to Buddhist training to enter. Also, the land or place. The barrier for women is an example of this. A barrier area. Purification precepts. ※Shobogenzo (1231-53), Risai Tokuzui: "Also, since we live in a place called the barrier, we need not fear the ten evil deeds." (Ni) A wooden fence set up to distinguish between the inner and outer sanctuaries in front of the Buddha, or between monks and laypeople within the outer sanctuary. ② In merchants' houses, a three-fold lattice about 60 centimeters high that is set up to enclose the accounting area. Accounting area lattice. ※Ano Michi Kono Michi (1928)〈Juichitani Gisaburo〉1: "In the gold box behind the store's barrier (kekkai) " ③ In general, to restrict an area. Also, that area or place. It also means to keep people away from you. *Daiei Yuki (1908), postscript to Sugimura Sojinkan, "Anyone who is related to large luggage within the barrier (kekkai) " ④ One of the tea ceremony utensils. An ornament to mark the boundary when the guest tatami mat is connected to the utensil tatami mat. It is made from bamboo or tree branches, but there are many other uses for it. It is similar to a substitute for a furosaki byobu (folding screen). A seat barrier. A seat summit. [Additional information] A large barrier limits the territory of a country, and this is what Kukai did when he established Mount Koya and set up a barrier around an area of seven ri in all directions to drive away evil spirits. A medium barrier is used to border a training hall for ascetic practices, and a small barrier is used to border the area around a training platform for ascetic practices. These barriers are established according to the Byakuni Konma method, but in esoteric Buddhism, an inmyō is used.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 仏語。区域を制限する意。(イ) 仏道修行に障害のないように、特定の作法によって、一種の聖域を区切り、定めること。また、その聖域。これには、布薩などを行なうために区域を制限する摂僧界(しょうそうかい)、衣を脱いでも過ちとならない区域としての摂衣界、食物に関する制戒を犯したことにならない場所と定められた摂食界の三種がある。また、範囲の上からは、大結界、中結界、小結界の三種に分けられる。※東南院文書‐二・五・天喜四年（1056）五月三日・官宣旨案「切散血肉、汙結界霊地、打破障隔、愕修学禅窓」(ロ) 密教で、魔の障難を払うために、道場の一定区域を制限すること。※三代実録‐元慶元年（877）八月五日「五日癸夘。於_二内裏_一。限以_二五日_一。結界修法」(ハ) 仏道修行の障害となるもののはいるのを許さないこと。また、その地や場所。女人結界はその一例。結界場。潔戒。※正法眼蔵（1231‐53）礼拝得髄「またかの結界と称するところにすめるやから、十悪をおそるることなし」(ニ) 仏前の内陣と外陣、または外陣の中で僧と俗との座席を区別するために設けられた木の柵。② 商家で、帳場の囲いとして立てる高さ約六〇センチメートルの三枚折りの格子。帳場格子。※あの道この道（1928）〈十一谷義三郎〉一「店の結界(ケッカイ)のうしろの金箱には」③ 一般に、区域を制限すること。また、その区域・場所。また、人を自分のまわりに近づけないようにすること。※大英游記（1908）〈杉村楚人冠〉後記「結界(ケッカイ)の内に在る大きな荷物に関係ある者は」④ 茶道具の一つ。客畳が道具畳に接続している場合、その境界を表示するための置物。竹、木の枝などでつくるが転用物も多い。風炉先屏風の代用品に類するもの。座障。座頂。[補注]大結界は国土を限定するもので、空海が高野山建立の際に七里四方を結界し、悪鬼等を退散させようとしたのはこれにあたる。中結界は修法の道場を結界し、小結界は修法壇の周囲を結界するもの。これらの結界は白二羯魔(びゃくにこんま)の法によって行なわれるが、密教では印明を用いる。

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