Cards (playing cards) - ka-do

Japanese: カード(トランプ) - かーど
Cards (playing cards) - ka-do

…This is a term unique to Japan since the early Meiji period, and was previously called “Western Garuta.” In English, it is called “playing card” (abbreviated as “card”), and “trump” (the same origin as “triumph”) means “trump card.”
[history]
The cards are said to have originated in the East. The 18th century French mystic Coeur de Gébelin proposed the Egyptian origin of the Tarot, which is thought to be closely related to the cards. There are also theories that, like chess, they originated in India, and that they originated from paper money in the Tang Dynasty of China, but none of these have been conclusively proven.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "cards (playing cards)" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…明治初期以降における日本独自の呼称で,それまでは〈西洋がるた〉と呼ばれていた。英語ではプレーイング・カードplaying card(略してカードcard)といい,トランプtrump(勝利triumphと同語源)は〈切札〉のことをいう。
[歴史]
 カードの起源は東方にあるといわれ,18世紀フランスの神秘学者クール・ド・ジェブランは,カードと密接な関係にあると考えられているタロットのエジプト起源説を唱え,その他チェスと同様にインド起源説,中国唐時代の紙幣起源説があるが,いずれも確証はない。…

※「カード(トランプ)」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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