A type of special glass made of a single component, silicon dioxide. Common name for silica glass. Performance varies depending on the amount of impurities, but generally, its thermal expansion coefficient is small at 5-6x10-7 and its annealing temperature is high at 1140°C, making it the most heat-resistant and thermal shock-resistant of all practical glasses, and important as a laboratory tool. It is made by electric melting from silica sand or quartz. The former is opaque due to tiny bubbles, but the latter is transparent and of high quality. Ultra-high purity glass used in optical communications and semiconductor processes is made by gas-phase synthesis from silicon tetrachloride (liquid) and monosilane (gas), and has a minimum impurity content of transition elements that cause optical absorption loss of less than one part per billion. Optical communication fibers are made by chemical vapor deposition, a type of gas-phase synthesis. [Teruo Sakaino and Setsuro Ito] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
特殊ガラスの一つで、二酸化ケイ素だけの単成分からできているガラス。シリカガラスの通称。不純物の多少によって性能も異なるが、概して熱膨張係数が5~6×10-7と小さく、徐冷温度も1140℃と高いため、耐熱性、耐熱衝撃性とも実用ガラス中で頂点にたち、理化学用器として重要である。珪砂(けいさ)または水晶から電気溶融でつくる。前者は微細な気泡のため不透明だが、後者は透明で品質も高い。光通信や半導体プロセスなどに使う超高純度のものは四塩化ケイ素(液体)、モノシラン(気体)などから気相合成でつくられ、光吸収損失の原因となる遷移元素などの不純物含有率が最低10億分の1以下のものまである。光通信用ファイバーは気相合成法の一種の化学蒸着によってつくられる。 [境野照雄・伊藤節郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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