…Active absorption of monosaccharides (glucose, galactose) and amino acids occurs when these organic solutes bind to special proteins called carriers that are incorporated into the membrane on the surface of the cell, passing through the membrane and flowing into the cell. Each of these carriers has a specific binding substance, and each carrier has the property of simultaneously binding to sodium ions (Na + ) , so that both the organic solute and Na + are transported through the membrane (this type of transport is called cotransport). When cotransported with Na + , the organic solute is transported against the concentration gradient in conjunction with the influx of Na + into the cell, and the Na + that has entered the cell is pumped out of the cell by a mechanism called the sodium pump on the opposite membrane, consuming energy. … From [Active transport]…The transport system of sugars and amino acids in bacteria depends on the electrochemical potential difference of H + , ⊿μH + , while reabsorption in the epithelial cells of the small intestine and the kidney depends on the gradient of Na + , ⊿μNa + , and can absorb nutrients almost completely. Transport in this way, in which the movement of one substance is accompanied by the movement of another substance (ion), is called cotransport. All active transport is an uphill reaction, so it is only possible when other energy is provided. … *Some of the terminology used in this article is related to "shared transport." Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…単糖(ブドウ糖,ガラクトース)やアミノ酸の能動的な吸収は,それら有機溶質が細胞の表面の膜に組み込まれている担体とよばれる特殊なタンパク質に結合して,膜を通過し細胞内に流入する。それら担体はそれぞれ特異的に結合する物質がきまっており,かつ個々の担体はナトリウムイオンNa+とも同時に結合する性質をもっており,有機溶質とNa+はともに膜輸送される(このような輸送を共輸送という)。Na+と共輸送されると,Na+の細胞内への流入に連結して有機溶質は濃度こう配に逆らって輸送されるようになり,細胞内に入ったNa+は反対側の膜にあるナトリウムポンプとよばれる機構によってエネルギーを消費しながら細胞外にくみ出される。… 【能動輸送】より…細菌の糖やアミノ酸の輸送系はH+の電気化学的ポテンシャル差⊿μH+,小腸の上皮細胞や腎臓における再吸収などはNa+のこう配⊿μNa+に依存して,栄養物質をほとんど完全に吸収することができる。このようにある物質の移動に他の物質(イオン)の移動を伴う輸送を共輸送cotransportと呼ぶ。 能動輸送はいずれも上り坂uphill反応であるから他のエネルギーの供与があって初めて可能となる。… ※「共輸送」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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