A general term for pots used as containers for planting trees and flowers, also called pots. The ornamental purpose differs depending on the type of tree or flower to be planted, so the shape and material of the pots used also differ. There are the following types of pots. In terms of the plant's growth stage, there are seeding pots used for sowing seeds, training pots during cultivation, and decorative pots to move to once the plant is trained. In addition, depending on the plant being cultivated, there are bonsai pots, orchid pots, and evergreen pots, and some are used for the sake of elegance in shape, lines, and color. In terms of material, there are clay pots, wooden pots, plastic pots (vinyl pots), concrete pots, paper pots used for raising vegetable seedlings, and Jiffy pots made from peat or peat moss. Clay pots are usually called unglazed pots, and those that are partially or simply finished are called daon pots. In addition, pots that are completely glazed and fired to give them a glossy finish are called decorative pots, and are often made of ceramic. However, plastic pots with patterns on the outside or elaborate shapes are also considered decorative pots. They are classified by shape as round, oval, square (rectangular or octagonal), dish-shaped, etc., and each can be differentiated by depth, and even ordinary round pots can be divided into waist-high and flat. Ordinary flower pots always have a hole in the bottom. They are differentiated by place of origin, such as Tokoname, Seto, Shigaraki, and Arita. As for foreign pots, Chinese pots are of good quality, and Nanjing and Canton pots, which have good soil, are famous. Recently, the uses of potted plants have diversified, and in addition to cultivation pots, hanging pots for use as flower boxes along roads and in parks, or decorative at home, pots for ornamental plants, and glass pots for enjoying in terrariums are also used. The size of the pots varies from 3 centimeters (No. 1) in diameter for ordinary terracotta pots to as large as 39 centimeters (No. 13), with No. 3 to No. 5 being commonly used for flowers such as pansies and primroses, and No. 5 to No. 6 being commonly used for small flowering trees such as azaleas and Japanese quince. The history of pots in Japan can be traced back to the early Edo period, when wooden boxes were used, and the use of clay pots began in the mid-Edo period, when omoto and bonsai began to be made. [Yasuo Hori] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
植木や草花などを植える容器となる鉢の総称で、ポットともいう。植え込む樹種や草花の種類によって観賞目的が異なるので、用いる鉢も形や材質が違ってくる。鉢の種類には次のようなものがある。植物の生育過程別にみると、種播(ま)きに用いる播種(はしゅ)鉢、栽培途中の仕立て鉢、仕立て上がると移す化粧鉢などがある。また、栽培する植物により、盆栽鉢、蘭(らん)鉢、万年青(おもと)鉢などがあり、形や線、色の優美さを求めることもある。素材別では土鉢、木鉢、プラスチック鉢(ビニル鉢)、コンクリート鉢のほか、野菜の育苗に用いる紙鉢(ペーパーポット)、泥炭やピートモスを材料としたジフィーポットなどがある。土鉢は普通、素焼鉢とよび、一部分または簡単に仕上げたものを駄温(だおん)鉢という。また、外側全体にうわぐすりを塗って焼き、光沢のある鉢を化粧鉢とよび、材質は陶器が多い。しかし鉢の外側に模様をつけたり、形にくふうを凝らしたプラスチック製のものも化粧鉢として扱っている。形による分類では丸鉢、小判、角鉢(四角形ないし八角形)、皿形などとよび、いずれも深浅の区別があり、普通の丸鉢でも腰高と平鉢に分けられる。一般的な植木鉢にはかならず底穴がある。産地による区別としては常滑(とこなめ)、瀬戸、信楽(しがらき)、有田などの名がある。外国鉢としては中国鉢が良質で、土質のよい南京(ナンキン)鉢、広東(カントン)鉢が有名である。最近は鉢物の利用が多様化し、栽培鉢以外にも、沿道や公園にフラワーボックスとして、あるいは家庭で装飾的に用いる吊(つ)り鉢、観葉植物鉢、テラリウムで楽しむガラス鉢などが用いられるようになった。 鉢の大きさは、普通の素焼鉢は直径3センチメートル(1号)から大きなものは39センチメートル(13号)まであり、パンジー、サクラソウなどの草花では3~5号、サツキ、ボケなどの小花木では5~6号が多く用いられる。 わが国の鉢の歴史は、江戸時代初期には木箱が使用され、土鉢などが用いられるようになったのは江戸時代中期にオモトや盆栽がつくられるようになってからともいわれる。 [堀 保男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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