Decembrists

Japanese: デカブリスト（英語表記）Dekabristy; Decembrists

In December 1825, Russian revolutionaries rose up in an uprising to abolish autocracy and serfdom. They were later called "Decabri" (meaning Decemberists) because December is Russian. Their core consisted of young aristocratic officers who had participated in the war against Napoleon in 1812. Initially, six officers formed a secret society called the "Relief League" in 1816, which was reorganized as the "Welfare League" in 1818 and then disbanded in 1821. The main members were divided into the "Northern Society" which tended to support constitutional monarchy, and the "Southern Society" which aimed for a republic, but in 1824 a proposal was made to merge the two societies. Following the sudden death of Emperor Alexander I in November of the following year, the Russians, ill-prepared, attempted an armed uprising, first in St. Petersburg and then in the south, but it was suppressed, and five of the ringleaders, including PI Pesteli, were executed, and 121 were exiled to Siberia.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1825年 12月，専制と農奴制の廃棄を目指して蜂起したロシアの革命家たち。ロシア語で 12月のことをデカーブリというので，のちにこう呼ばれた (十二月党員の意) 。その中心となったのは 12年の対ナポレオン戦争に参加した貴族の青年将校たちで，最初 16年に6人の士官によって「救済同盟」と呼ばれる秘密結社がつくられ，18年「福祉同盟」に改組されたあと 21年にいったん解散。おもだったメンバーは，立憲君主制的傾向の「北方結社」と共和制を目指す「南方結社」とに分れたが，24年両結社の合同が提議された。翌年 11月皇帝アレクサンドル1世の急死に際し，準備不足のまままずペテルブルグで，次いで南部でも武装蜂起を企てたが鎮圧され，P.I.ペステリら5人の首謀者は死刑，121人がシベリアへ流刑に処せられた。

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