Universal Time - Sekaiji (English)

Japanese: 世界時 - せかいじ(英語表記)universal time
Universal Time - Sekaiji (English)
Mean solar time at Greenwich, England (located on the meridian of longitude 0°) according to the definition adopted since 1928. Since it is based on the apparent motion of the sun (i.e. the average rotation of the earth on its axis), it is necessary to take into account the variation of the earth's rotation. It is distinguished by the following: UT0, which does not make such corrections; UT1, which corrects for the change in the direction of the rotation axis (changes in longitude and latitude); and UT2, which corrects for seasonal changes in the rotation speed. However, the earth's rotation fluctuates quite irregularly, making it difficult to improve the measurement accuracy, and the difference with ephemeris time ET, which is based on the earth's revolution around the earth, becomes large. For this reason, ephemeris time/atomic time AT system is used in daily life, and Universal Time is not used. However, Universal Time is more convenient for describing time in daily life. According to Universal Time, the sun reaches its zenith at around 12 o'clock, and it is possible to know the position of the fixed stars from a certain point on the earth. Therefore, in order to prevent the difference between the calendar time/atomic time system and the universal time system from becoming too large, leap seconds are used to make corrections. Since 1972, Coordinated Universal Time, which is set to be within 0.9 seconds of UT1, has been used as the general civil time. (→Time)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
1928年以降採用されている定義によるイギリスのグリニッジ (経度0°の子午線上にある) における1平均太陽時をいう。見かけの太陽運動 (つまり地球の平均的自転運動) に準拠しているために,地球自転運動の変動を考慮する必要がある。その補正を行わないものを UT0,自転軸の方向変動 (経緯度変化) を補正したものを UT1,さらに季節による自転速度変化の補正を行なったものを UT2と呼んで区別する。しかし,地球自転運動はかなり不規則に変動するので測定精度を上げることがむずかしく,また,地球の公転運動に基づいた暦表時 ETとの差が大きくなる。そのため,現在日常使われているのは暦表時・原子時 AT系で,世界時は使用されない。しかし,日常生活の時刻の記述には世界時系のほうが便利である。世界時系によれば,太陽は 12時頃に南中するし,地球上のある地点で恒星がどの位置に見えるかを知ることができるからである。そこで暦表時・原子時系と世界時系との差が大きくなりすぎないように,閏秒を用いて補正を行う。 72年からは,UT1との差が 0.9秒以内になるように定められた協定世界時が一般の常用時刻として使われている。 (→時刻 )

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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