A global nature conservation organization, formerly the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland. Its honorary president is Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, of the United Kingdom. WWF is an abbreviation. In the early 1960s, many African countries gained independence, and in some countries animals were needlessly killed. Due to a strong fear that animals would soon disappear from Africa if things continued this way, the World Wildlife Fund was launched in 1961 with the aim of raising funds on a global scale to protect wildlife under a common responsibility of people. The organization chose the giant panda as its symbol, established its secretariat on the shores of Lake Geneva in Switzerland, and adopted the "Declaration of Morges." Working with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a group of scientists from around the world, the organization launched a conservation movement to protect endangered animals (tigers, rhinos, Arabian oryx, etc.) and plant species. While promoting emergency protection of species, the organization also aimed to conserve the entire habitat of wildlife species, such as opening national parks and nature reserves in developing countries, and provided financial support and other wildlife conservation activities. WWF has since grown to become the world's largest nature conservation organization, supported by over 5 million people around the world. In 1986, the focus of its activities was expanded from the protection of individual endangered animal and plant species to the conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems such as tropical forests (jungles), wetlands, and coral reefs, and the organization's name was changed to its current name. In response to this, the World Wildlife Committee of Japan, which was established in 1971, also changed its name to World Wide Fund for Nature Japan (WWF Japan) in 1988. WWF believes that protecting the biosphere is a priority in protecting the diversity of biological species, and is working to protect the biosphere. In 1980, together with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and IUCN, it created the World Conservation Strategy to serve as a guideline for global nature conservation, and in 1991 it published the New World Conservation Strategy, which proposed specific actions to take. [Nobuo Kase] "International Organizations that Save the World 5: The World Wide Fund for Nature" by Peter Denton, translated by Yumiko Inui (1996, Kaiseisha)" ▽ "The Idea of Nature Conservation" by Makoto Numata (Iwanami Shinsho) [References] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
世界的な自然保護団体で、前身は世界野生生物基金World Wildlife Fund(略称WWF)。本部はスイスのグランにある。名誉総裁はイギリスのエジンバラ公フィリップ。略称WWF。 1960年代初頭、アフリカでは多くの国々が独立し、ある国では動物たちが無益に殺された。このままでは遠からずアフリカから動物たちが姿を消してしまうという強い危惧(きぐ)から、1961年、人々が共通の責任で野生生物を保護するための資金を世界的規模で集めることを目的とした世界野生生物基金が発足した。ジャイアントパンダをシンボルマークに選び、スイスのレマン湖畔に事務局を置き「モルジュ宣言」を採択。世界の科学者の集合体である国際自然保護連合(IUCN)と携えて、絶滅の危機にある動物(トラ、サイ、アラビアオリックスなど)や植物の種を守る保護運動を開始した。また、種の緊急的な保護を進める一方、その生息地全体の保全を目ざし、開発途上の国々に国立公園や自然保護区を開くなど、野生生物種の保護活動や、財政支援なども行った。 WWFはその後発展を遂げ、世界各地の500万人以上の人々に支持される世界最大の自然保護団体となった。1986年その活動の重点を、それまでの個々の絶滅の危機に瀕(ひん)している動植物種の保護から、熱帯林(ジャングル)・湿地・サンゴ礁などの生態系の保全、その持続的利用にまで拡大させ、名称も現在のものに改めた。これを受け、1971年(昭和46)に発足した世界野生生物日本委員会も、1988年世界自然保護基金日本委員会(WWF Japan)と改称した。 WWFは、生物種の多様性を守るためには生物圏の保護が優先するという立場から、その生物圏の保全のために 1980年には国連環境計画(UNEP)、IUCNとともに世界の自然保護の指針とするための「世界保全戦略」を作成、1991年にはその具体的行動を提唱した「新世界環境保全戦略」を発表した。 [加瀬信雄] 『ピーター・デントン著、乾侑美子訳『世界を救う国際組織5 世界自然保護基金』(1996・偕成社)』▽『沼田真著『自然保護という思想』(岩波新書)』 [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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