A medical book written by the Islamic philosopher and physician Ibn Sina. Five volumes in total. Date of writing unknown. Based on Greek-Arabic medicine, it follows the teachings of Aristotle and Galen. It begins with a definition of medicine and explains its main practice, then introduces the theory of elements and the theory of humors, describes the structure and function of organs, and discusses the causes of disease, symptoms, pulse, and urinalysis. It then goes on to provide detailed discussions of a variety of topics, including dietary therapy, exercises, disease prevention methods, general treatment, diseases of various parts of the body, fevers, surgical diseases, toxicology, cosmetic techniques, skin diseases, antidotes, and compound drugs. Written in well-organized sentences overall, this book, which compiles medical knowledge from Hippocrates and Galen onwards, overwhelmed other medical books up to that point, was translated into Latin in the 12th century, and became the standard for Western European medicine until the mid-17th century. On the other hand, however, it is also true that it has had some negative effects, such as neglecting clinical observation and hindering original research. [Otori Ranzaburo] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
医学書。イスラムの哲学者・医学者のイブン・シーナーの著。全5巻。執筆年不詳。ギリシア系アラビア医学を基本とし、アリストテレス、ガレノスの所説に従って論じている。まず医学の定義および本務を説いたのち、原素説、体液説を紹介、器官の構造、機能を述べ、病気の原因、症候、脈拍、検尿(けんにょう)について述べている。続いて各種の食療法、体操、病気予防法、治療の一般、身体各部の病気、熱病、外科疾患、毒物学、整容術、皮膚病、解毒薬、複合薬などの諸項目について詳論している。全体的によく整った文でつづられ、ヒポクラテス、ガレノス以来の医学の知識を集大成したこの書は、それまでの他の医学書を圧倒し、12世紀にはラテン語訳にされ、17世紀なかばまで西ヨーロッパの医学の規準になった。しかしその反面、臨床観察を軽視し、また独創的な研究を妨げるなど、弊害をもたらしたことも事実である。 [大鳥蘭三郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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