Walled City - Ikakutosi

Japanese: 囲郭都市 - いかくとし

A city surrounded by a wall. There were many in China, with each prefecture and provincial city and even rural villages gathering together to form their own walled society. India, the Orient, and ancient Greece and Rome also had walled cities. In medieval Europe, walled cities were born centered around feudal lords, churches, and markets, and the unique star-shaped bastion was perfected. In the early modern period, towns grew outside the castles, military tactics changed, and industry became concentrated in cities, so the significance of city walls was lost.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

城壁で囲んだ都市。中国には非常に多く，各県城，省城はじめ農村も集合して囲郭をもち，全体として一大囲郭社会の様相を示してきた。インド，オリエント，古代ギリシア・ローマも囲郭都市をもつ。中世ヨーロッパでは領主，教会，市場を中心とする囲郭都市が生まれ独特な星形稜堡(りょうほ)を完成。近世以後城外にも町が成長，軍事戦術の変化，産業の都市集中に伴って城壁の意味は失われた。
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