A room or building equipped to store books. In Japan, the oldest examples are sutra repository built in temples. In some cases, the entire wall was covered with shelves for storing boxes containing sutras, or a rotating storage shelf with a spindle was built. In addition, there are many examples of library buildings built in a corner of a garden away from the main building for fire prevention, such as the library built in the Imperial Palace during the Edo period, which was built in the style of a storehouse. In European architecture, well-known examples include the Lorenzo Library in Florence, famous for its anteroom (designed by Michelangelo) as a masterpiece from the Renaissance to Baroque period, the Schussenried Abbey Library in Germany (designed by Zimmermann), which was built in the Rococo style, and the Sainte-Geneviève Library in Paris, which used cast iron in the early modern period. Library stacks are divided into open stacks where users can freely select books, and closed stacks where general users are not allowed. In the case of open-stack libraries in Europe, the shelves are often arranged radially from the desk of the staff member who handles receipts and disbursements so that the staff member can have a full view of the users' movements from his/her desk, but this method is not usually used in Japan. In the case of closed-stack libraries, movable shelves may be used to increase the storage capacity. [Hirai Sei] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
図書を保管するために用意され設備された部屋または建物。日本においては寺院に建てられた経蔵等が、古い例であろう。周囲の壁全面に経巻等を納めた箱を収納するための棚を設けたり、心棒をもつ回転式の収納棚である輪蔵(りんぞう)をつくる場合があった。また、江戸時代の内裏につくられた文庫のように、防火のためにおもな建物から離れた庭の一隅に建て、さらに土蔵造とした例も多い。ヨーロッパの建築では、ルネサンスからバロック期の傑作としてその前室(ミケランジェロ設計)が著名なフィレンツェのロレンツォ図書館や、ロココ様式でつくられているドイツのシュッセンリート修道院図書館(ツィンマーマン設計)をはじめ、近代初期の鋳鉄を使ったパリのサント・ジュヌビエーブ図書館などの例がよく知られている。図書館の書庫には、閲覧者が自由に本を選ぶことのできる開架式書庫と一般の閲覧者を入れない閉架式書庫がある。開架式は、ヨーロッパなどの例では出納等を扱う係員の席から閲覧者の動きが一望できるように、書架を係員の席を中心に放射状に配置しているところが多いが、この方式は日本では通常用いられていない。閉架式の場合は収蔵量を増すために可動書架にする場合もある。 [平井 聖] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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