A reaction in which hydrogen atoms in organic compounds are replaced by sulfuric acid groups -SO 3 H. This reaction is carried out by reacting aromatic hydrocarbons or their derivatives with sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid (a large amount of sulfur trioxide absorbed in concentrated sulfuric acid). For compounds that do not react easily, chlorosulfuric acid (ClSO 3 H) may be used as the sulfonating agent. The true reagent in sulfonation with sulfuric acids is sulfur trioxide, and it is classified as an electrophilic substitution reaction. Since the sulfonation reaction is reversible, the product sulfonic acid can be heated with dilute sulfuric acid to produce the original hydrocarbon. In addition, it is possible to select the position of the sulfo group or to perform isomerization depending on the reaction conditions. Naphthalene is a good example. Sulfonation reactions are an important process in the industrial production of dyes, neutral detergents, and other products. [Kiyoshi Mutai] [Reference] | |©Shogakukan "> Sulfonation reaction (example of naphthalene) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
有機化合物の水素原子をスルホ基-SO3Hに置換する反応。芳香族炭化水素またはその誘導体に、硫酸または発煙硫酸(濃硫酸に多量の三酸化硫黄(いおう)を吸収させたもの)を作用させて行う。反応しにくい化合物の場合は、クロロ硫酸(クロロスルホン酸)ClSO3Hをスルホン化試薬として使うこともある。硫酸類によるスルホン化における真の試薬は三酸化硫黄で、求電子置換反応に分類される。スルホン化反応は可逆であるため、生成物のスルホン酸を希硫酸と加熱すると元の炭化水素を生成することがある。また、反応条件によってスルホ基の入る位置の選択、あるいは異性化を行うことが可能である。ナフタレンの場合がその好例である。スルホン化反応は、染料や中性洗剤などの工業的製造において重要な工程となっている。 [務台 潔] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> スルホン化反応(ナフタレンの例) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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