Originally a financial term meaning joint procurement of funds, today it is generally used to mean an international loan consortium or lending group. After World War II, economic assistance from developed countries to developing countries was often provided bilaterally, but due to drawbacks such as the tendency for regional bias and political influence, the method of assistance provided by several countries working together gradually became more popular. In such cases, a consortium is formed to avoid competition and duplication of assistance, adjust the division of roles, and allocate funds efficiently. This is called an international loan consortium or creditor conference, and is often led by the World Bank. Examples include the Creditor Conference for India, which was established in 1958 and was composed of 10 developed countries including Japan and the World Bank, and the Creditor Conference for Indonesia, which was held in Tokyo in 1966 and was composed of 12 developed countries including Japan, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and others. Furthermore, with the intensification of international financial activity in the 1970s, there have been an increasing number of cases in which private banks in developed countries have formed consortia (international lending groups) to meet the large-scale demand for funds for large-scale developments such as energy resources while diversifying risks. Furthermore, there are also cases in which general companies in developed countries form corporate alliance-like consortia to proceed with the construction of various plants overseas, and jointly raise funds, cooperate on technical cooperation, and share work. [Kenji Akiyama] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
もともとは資金の共同調達を意味する金融用語であるが、現在は一般に国際的な借款団や融資団をさして用いることが多い。第二次世界大戦後、先進国の発展途上国に対する経済援助は2国間で行われることが多かったが、地域的な偏りを生じやすいことや政治的な影響を受けやすいことなどの欠点があったため、しだいに数か国が協力して援助を行う方式が有力になってきた。その場合、援助の競合や重複を避けたり、役割分担を調整し資金の効率的配分を行うためにコンソーシアムが形成される。これは国際借款団あるいは債権国会議といわれ、多くの場合、世界銀行が中心となって行っている。具体例としては、1958年に発足した日本を含む先進10か国と世界銀行で構成されたインドに対する債権国会議、66年東京で開催された日本を含む先進12か国および世界銀行、アジア開発銀行などで構成されたインドネシアに対する債権国会議などがある。また70年代に入り国際的金融活動が活発化するとともに、エネルギー資源のような大規模開発に対して、先進国の民間銀行がコンソーシアム(国際融資団)を結成し、リスクの分散を図りながら大量の資金需要に応じる例が増えてきている。さらに、先進国の一般企業が海外で各種プラントの建設を進めるために企業連合的なコンソーシアムを形成し、資金調達、技術提携、業務分担などを共同して行う場合もある。 [秋山憲治] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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