Sforza - Carlo Sforza

Italian diplomat and politician. He joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1896, and after serving as Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs (1919-1920), he joined the fifth Giolitti cabinet (1920-1921) as Minister of Foreign Affairs, where he established the Treaty of Rapallo with Yugoslavia. He became a senator in 1919, and with the birth of the Mussolini regime, he resigned as ambassador to France and became a leader of the anti-fascist movement. He was pursued by Mussolini and went into exile abroad (1927-1943). During this time, he engaged in critical activities against fascism, totalitarianism, and for a European federation. He returned to Italy in October 1943 and joined the forces demanding the immediate abdication of the king. As the leader of the Republican Party, he served as Minister without Portfolio in the coalition cabinet (1943-1944), President of the Legislative Assembly (1945-1946), and Foreign Minister in the third to sixth De Gasperi cabinets. During that time he was a driving force behind Italy's postwar diplomatic course, which led to Italy joining NATO. He died during his term as minister without portfolio in the seventh De Gasperi government.

[Yasuro Shigeoka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イタリアの外交官、政治家。1896年に外務省に入り、外務次官（1919～1920）を経て、第五次ジョリッティ内閣（1920～1921）に外相として入閣し、ユーゴスラビアとのラパロ条約を成立させた。1919年以来上院議員になり、ムッソリーニ政権の誕生とともに駐仏大使を辞して反ファシズム運動の指導者となった。ムッソリーニに追われて海外に亡命（1927～1943）。この間、反ファシズム、反全体主義、ヨーロッパ連邦のための評論活動を展開。1943年10月に帰国、国王の即時譲位を要求する勢力に加わった。共和党党首として連立内閣の無任所相（1943～1944）、立法議会の議長（1945～1946）を経て、第三次から第六次までのデ・ガスペリ内閣の外相を歴任。その間、北大西洋条約機構（NATO(ナトー)）加盟に至る戦後イタリアの外交的進路の推進者になった。第七次デ・ガスペリ内閣の無任所相の任期中に死去。

［重岡保郎］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例