Flavius ​​Stilicho

Japanese: スティリコ - すてぃりこ(英語表記)Flavius Stilicho
Flavius ​​Stilicho

A general of the Western Roman Empire. Born to a Roman mother and a Germanic Vandal father. He served at the court of Theodosius I, and was promoted for his military achievements. He married the emperor's niece, Serena. After the division of the empire into the Eastern and Western Empires, Stilicho married his two daughters to the Western Emperor Honorius, and wielded great power as the supreme commander of the Western Empire's military. At that time, the Germanic peoples had begun to migrate in earnest, but he worked hard to defend the empire. Despite repeated obstructions from the Eastern Empire, which was in conflict with Stilicho over the control of Macedonia and Dacia, he repeatedly defeated the advance of the Visigoths led by Alaric, and finally defeated Alaric's army at Pollentia (402) and Bellona (403), forcing them to retreat from Italy. In 405, he also defeated a large Germanic army of more than 200,000 led by Lagadaesus.

Later, Stilicho allied with Alaric to oppose the Eastern Empire, but soon the Vandals, Suebi, and Alamanni invaded, and the situation in the Western Empire worsened as the power of the usurper Constantine, supported by the Britannian Legions, increased. On the other hand, the conflict between Stilicho and Emperor Honorius intensified, and when Stilicho planned to marry his son Euchelius to Honorius' half-sister Galla Placidia, it was suspected that he had an ambition to make his son emperor. Furthermore, due to the growing Roman resentment against the Germanic peoples at that time, he was arrested and executed in 408.

[Sohei Shima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

西ローマ帝国の将軍。ローマ人の母とゲルマン民族のバンダル人の父との間に生まれる。テオドシウス1世の宮廷に仕え、数々の戦功をたてて昇進し、皇帝の姪(めい)セレナを妻とした。帝国の東西分治後、スティリコは2人の娘を相次いで西帝ホノリウスの妻とし、自身は西帝国の全軍最高司令官として絶大な権力を振るった。当時ゲルマン民族の本格的移動が始まっていたが、彼は帝国の防衛に努め、アラリックの率いる西ゴートの進出に対しては、マケドニア、ダキアの支配権をめぐって対立していた東帝国側のたび重なる妨害にもかかわらず、たびたびこれを撃破し、ついにポレンティア(402)とベロナ(403)でアラリックの軍を打ち破り、イタリアから退却させた。さらに405年、ラガダエススの率いる20万以上のゲルマン人の大軍を撃退した。

 その後、スティリコはアラリックと結んで東帝国に対抗しようとしたが、まもなくバンダル人、スエビ人、アラマン人などの侵入が起こり、さらにブリタニア軍団の擁立した簒奪(さんだつ)帝コンスタンティヌスが勢力を広げ、西帝国の情勢は悪化した。他方スティリコとホノリウス帝との対立が強まり、スティリコが息子エウケリウスとホノリウス帝の異母妹ガッラ・プラキディアとの結婚を画策すると、これが息子を皇帝にしようとする野望との疑いがかけられ、さらに当時高まっていたゲルマン人に対するローマ人の反感もあって、408年に捕らえられ、処刑された。

[島 創平]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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