A two-component quantity of a complex number that changes with the rotation of space. It expresses a more fundamental property of rotation than a vector with three components. It can also be extended to the Lorentz transformations in the theory of relativity. In quantum mechanics, it is also used to describe particles with a spin of 1/2, such as electrons and quarks. In this case, the two components correspond to the spin-up and spin-down states, respectively. In relativistic quantum mechanics, these particles and their antiparticles are represented by a four-component Dirac spinor, which is a combination of two spinors. It was introduced in 1928 by theoretical physicist Paul AM Dirac to express the Dirac equation, an equation of relativistic quantum mechanics. Mathematically, it is a fundamental representation of the SU(2) group, which is in some ways more fundamental than the rotation group, and vectors are represented by second-order spinors. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
空間の回転に伴って変換する複素数の 2成分の量。3成分をもつベクトルよりも,回転に対して基本的な性質を表現する。また相対性理論でのローレンツ変換に対しても拡張できる概念である。量子力学において,電子やクォークなどスピンが 1/2の粒子を記述するのにも用いられる。この場合,二つの成分はそれぞれ,スピンが上向きの状態と下向きの状態に対応する。相対論的量子力学では,これらの粒子はその反粒子とともに,スピノルを二つ組み合わせた,4成分のディラック・スピノルというもので表される。1928年に理論物理学者ポール・A.M.ディラックにより,相対論的量子力学の方程式であるディラック方程式を表現するために導入された。数学的には,回転群よりもある意味で基本的な SU(2)群の基本表現であり,ベクトルは 2階のスピノルで表される。
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