Commissioner of the Righteous Army

Taking advantage of the internal conflicts among the Tubos, the Han people of Dunhuang, led by the local lord Zhang Yi Chao, succeeded in driving out the Tubos in 848. Zhang Yi Chao was appointed as a Guiyi Army military governor by the Tang Dynasty in 851. After three generations of the Zhang clan's Guiyi Army military governors had ruled the Dunhuang Oasis for over 50 years, the Tang Dynasty, on which they had relied, collapsed, and the Zhang clan became independent and called themselves the White Robe Emperors of Jinshan in the Western Han Dynasty. The Jinshan Kingdom only lasted for 10 years, when the Cao clan took over as rulers and continued to be appointed as Guiyi Army military governors by the Chinese side, but this was purely in name only, and in reality it was treated as a foreign tribute. Eventually, under the pressure of the Tangut (Dang Xiang) tribe of Western Xia, it gradually weakened and was conquered in the first half of the 11th century.

*Some of the terminology used to refer to the "Quitting Army Commanders" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…吐蕃側の内紛につけこみ，土豪の張議潮を指導者とする敦煌の漢人たちは，848年に吐蕃人を追い払うのに成功した。張議潮が唐朝より帰義軍節度使に任命されたのは851年，張氏の帰義軍節度使による敦煌オアシスの支配が3代50余年つづいた時点で，頼りとする唐朝が滅んだので，張氏が独立して西漢金山白衣皇帝と称した。この金山国も10年つづいただけで，曹氏が代わって支配者となり，ひきつづき中国側から帰義軍節度使に任じられたが，これはまったくの名目だけで，実際は外国の朝貢という扱いであり，やがてタングート(党項)族の西夏の圧迫をうけてしだいに弱っていき，11世紀前半に征服されてしまう。…

※「帰義軍節度使」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報