Laud, William

Japanese: ロード（英語表記）Laud， William

Born October 7, 1573, Reading, Berkshire
Died January 10, 1645, London. English clergyman. Son of a textile merchant, he studied at Oxford and became a clergyman. He belonged to the hardline Church of England, known as the High Church, and had a strong antipathy towards the Puritans. He defended the prerogatives of the king and was highly valued by Charles I. He became a Privy Councillor in 1627, Bishop of London in 1628, Chancellor of Oxford University in 1630, and Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633. As the king's top religious advisor, he reformed the Church of England during the abdication period (1629-1640) to save the country and the church from crisis, and severely oppressed the Puritans who opposed it. He also tried to force the Church of England on Scotland, sparking the Bishops' War. At the end of 1640, he was impeached by the Long Parliament for his responsibility for the tyranny, and imprisoned in the Tower of London in March of the following year. Although the trial was postponed, he was executed four years later.

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Rhodes, Alexandre de

Born: March 15, 1591, Avignon
[Died] March 5, 1660, Isfahan. French Jesuit priest and missionary. He was active in evangelizing in Tonkin, Cochinchina (Vietnam), and improved the Vietnamese language and romanized it. He placed great importance on training local priests, and proposed the establishment of the Paris Foreign Missions Society. He evangelized in Iran from 1655 onwards. He was closely involved in the French colonization of Vietnam.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1573.10.7. バークシャー，レディング
[没]1645.1.10. ロンドン
イギリスの聖職者。織物商の子で，オックスフォードに学び，聖職者になった。高教会派と呼ばれる国教会強硬派に属し，清教徒に強い反感をもち，国王大権を擁護してチャールズ1世に重用され，1627年枢密院顧問官，28年ロンドン主教，30年オックスフォード大学総長，33年カンタベリー大主教となった。王に対する宗教政策上の最高顧問として国家と教会の危機を救うため，無議会の専制期 (1629～40) に国教会を改革し，それに反対した清教徒に過酷な弾圧を加えた。さらにスコットランドにも国教を強制しようとして主教戦争を引起した。 40年末専制の責任を問われて長期議会で弾劾され，翌年3月ロンドン塔に投獄，裁判は延引したが4年後に処刑された。

ロード
Rhodes， Alexandre de

[生]1591.3.15. アビニョン
[没]1660.3.5. イスファハン
フランスのイエズス会司祭，宣教師。コーチシナのトンキン (ベトナム) で布教に活躍，ベトナム語をよくし，それをローマ字化した。現地人司祭の養成を重んじ，そのためパリ外国宣教会設立を提案した。 1655年以降イランで布教。フランスのベトナム植民地化に関係が深かった。

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