Spica - Spica (English spelling)

Japanese: スピカ - すぴか(英語表記)Spica
Spica - Spica (English spelling)

The proper name of the alpha star in Virgo. Spica means "ear of wheat" in Latin, and is located in the position of the ear of wheat held by Astraea, the goddess of justice. Its Arabic name is Azimech, meaning "unprotected." Its apparent magnitude is 0.97 (variable), and its color index ( B - V ) is -0.23 (one of the indices that express the color of a celestial body, calculated by subtracting apparent magnitude V from blue magnitude B ). It is a blue-white star that shines in the spring night sky. In 2000, its celestial position was 13 hours 25 minutes 12 seconds at right ascension and -11 degrees 09.7 minutes at declination. It reaches its culmination at midnight around April 15 every year. Its parallax is 12.4 arc milliseconds, and its distance from Earth is 262 light years. Its proper motion is 53 arc milliseconds per year, and its radial velocity is 1 kilometer per second. Spica is a spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 4.01 days. The primary star is of spectral type B1V or III-IV, with a mass 11 times that of the Sun, a radius 7.8 times that of the Sun, a surface temperature of 24,500 K (Kelvin), and a rotational speed v of v sin i = 161 km/s ( i is the tilt of the star's rotation axis as seen from Earth). The companion star is of spectral type B2-4V, with a mass 7 times that of the Sun, a radius 4 times that of the Sun, a surface temperature of 17,000 K, and a rotational speed v of v sin i = 70 km/s. The orbital inclination of the binary (the tilt of the orbital axis as seen from Earth) is 66 degrees, the orbital eccentricity is 0.15, and the periasterism shifts every 128 years. The primary star is ellipsoidal in shape, and in addition to the associated light variations, it also exhibits pulsating light variations of the Beta Cephei type. The shape of the line spectrum also changes in a complex way over time due to various modes of non-radial vibrations (vibrations in which the star deviates from its spherical shape). Ultraviolet light has been observed.

[Atsuo Yamazaki]

"Spring Constellations" by Akira Fujii (1989, Kin no Hoshisha)

[References] | Virgo | Periplanet | Star | Binary
Alpha Virgo (Spica)
A spectroscopic binary star in Virgo. Together with Eta Ursa Major and Arcturus in Boötes, they form the "Great Spring Arc. " Photo provided by Nayoro City Astronomical Observatory .

Alpha Virgo (Spica)

Virgo
©Akira Fujii ">

Virgo

Spring's Great Curve
Provided by Gunma Astronomical Observatory. Text and lines added to photos © Gunma Astronomical Observatory .

Spring's Great Curve


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

おとめ座のα(アルファ)星の固有名。スピカとはラテン語で「小麦の穂」の意で、正義の女神アストライアが左手に持つ小麦の穂の位置にあたる部分にある。アラビア名はアジメクAzimechで「守られていない」の意。実視等級は0.97等(変光している)、色指数(BV)はマイナス0.23等(天体の色を表す指標の一つで、青色B等級から実視V等級を引いたもの)。春の夜空に青白く輝く恒星。2000年の天球上の位置は、赤経13時25分12秒、赤緯マイナス11度09.7分。毎年4月15日ごろ真夜中に南中する。視差は12.4ミリ秒角で、地球からの距離は262光年である。固有運動は53ミリ秒角/年、視線速度は1キロメートル/秒。スピカは公転周期4.01日の分光連星である。主星は、スペクトル型B1ⅤまたはⅢ~Ⅳで、質量は太陽の11倍、半径は太陽の7.8倍、表面温度は2万4500K(ケルビン)、自転速度vv sin i=161キロメートル/秒(iは地球から見た星の自転軸傾斜角)。伴星はスペクトル型B2~4Ⅴで、質量は太陽の7倍、半径は太陽の4倍、表面温度は1万7000K、自転速度vv sin i=70キロメートル/秒。連星の軌道傾斜角(地球から見た公転軸の傾き)は66度、軌道離心率は0.15、また周期128年で近星点移動をしている。主星は、星の形状が楕円(だえん)体でそれに伴う変光のほかに、ケフェウス座β(ベータ)星型の脈動変光が加わっている。線スペクトルの形も種々のモードの非動径振動(星が球形からずれて揺さぶられる振動)のため複雑に時間変化している。紫外線が観測されている。

[山崎篤磨]

『藤井旭著『春の星座』(1989・金の星社)』

[参照項目] | おとめ座 | 近星点 | 恒星 | 連星
おとめ座α星(スピカ)
おとめ座にある分光連星。おおぐま座のη星、うしかい座のアークトゥルスと「春の大曲線」をつくる写真提供/なよろ市立天文台">

おとめ座α星(スピカ)

おとめ座
©藤井 旭">

おとめ座

春の大曲線
県立ぐんま天文台提供写真に文字・線を加筆©県立ぐんま天文台">

春の大曲線


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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