Tsu Domain

A clan that ruled the area around Tsu in Ise Province (Tsu City, Mie Prefecture) and Iga Province (western Mie Prefecture). It is also called the Anotsu clan or the Todo clan. It was an outside clan. After the transfer of Tsu Castle lord Tomita Nobutaka (50,000 koku), who belonged to the Eastern Army in the Battle of Sekigahara, to Uwajima, Iyo, and the removal of Tsutsui Sadatsugu (200,000 koku), who ruled Iga Ueno, due to his misconduct, Todo Takatora moved from Imabari, Iyo, in 1608 (Keicho 13) to a fief of 220,900 koku and ruled both Tsu and Ueno castles. Due to his achievements in the winter and summer campaigns in Osaka, his kokudaka rose to over 323,000 koku in 1617 (Genwa 3). Takatora focused on managing the castle town, and Tsu became the most prosperous city in Ise. Supported by Takatora's protection, Tsu merchants expanded into Edo and came to control Odenma-cho as Ise merchants. Although Takatora was an outsider, he gained the trust of the Shogunate. After that, Takatsugu, Takahisa, Takachika, Takatoshi, Takaharu, Takaaki, Takakanaga, Takasado, Takasawa, Takayuki, and Takakiyo ruled the area for 260 years without a change of province, right up to the Meiji Restoration. During this time, the second and third lords, Takatsugu and Takahisa, worked to establish the domain system, and in 1669 (Kanbun 9), Takahisa awarded the Hisai domain (50,000 koku) to his younger brother Takamichi and 3,000 koku to his younger brother Takakata, and during the Tenna and Jokyo periods (1681-1688), had Tamaoki Jinzaburo and others establish the legal system. From the time of the fourth lord, Takachika, to the eighth lord, Takaharu, natural disasters and poor harvests occurred one after another, and the domain government went into a steady decline. During the Kansei period (1789-1801) under the reign of the 9th lord, Takagi, there was a movement for reform of the domain government, led by lower-ranking samurai such as the county magistrate Ibaraki Rihee, but reforms such as the Narashidaka system that ignored the will of the people provoked a backlash from the peasant class, leading to the Kansei Ikki. The 10th lord, Takataka, took the lead in setting an example of reform of the domain government, establishing the domain school Yuzokan and encouraging the arts and sciences, earning him the title of shining leader of the domain's revival. The 11th lord, Takayu, built Kairakuen Garden in 1859 (Ansei 6). In 1871 (Meiji 4), under the 12th lord, Takayoshi, the domain was abolished, and after passing through Tsu Prefecture and Anotsu Prefecture, it was incorporated into Mie Prefecture in 1876.

[Yoshio Harada]

"A Historical Walk in Tsu City" edited by Oka Masaki et al. (1970, Tsu City Board of Education)" ▽ "History of Tsu City, edited by Umehara Michi and Nishida Shigetsugu, 5 volumes (1959-69, Tsu City Hall)" ▽ "History of Domain Studies, by Uno Tetsuto and Ototake Iwazo (1943, Bunshodo Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

伊勢(いせ)国津（三重県津市）周辺と伊賀(いが)国（三重県西部）を領有した藩。安濃津(あのつ)藩、藤堂(とうどう)藩ともいう。外様(とざま)。関ヶ原の戦いで東軍に属した津城主富田信高(とみたのぶたか)（5万石）の伊予宇和島への移封、また伊賀上野(うえの)を領知した筒井定次(つついさだつぐ)（20万石）の乱行による改易の後を受けて、藤堂高虎(たかとら)が伊予今治(いまばり)から1608年（慶長13）に入封し22万0900石を領有、津・上野両城を治めた。大坂冬・夏両陣の功で1617年（元和3）には石高(こくだか)32万3000石余となる。高虎は城下町の経営に力を入れ、津は伊勢第一の繁栄をみた。高虎の保護に支えられ、津商人は江戸にも進出し伊勢商人として大伝馬(おおでんま)町を支配するに至る。高虎は外様ではあったが、将軍家の信任を得た。以後、高次(たかつぐ)、高久(たかひさ)、高睦(たかちか)、高敏(たかとし)、高治(たかはる)、高朗(たかあき)、高悠(たかなが)、高嶷(たかさど)、高兌(たかさわ)、高猷(たかゆき)、高潔(たかきよ)と260年間、国替もなく明治維新を迎えた。この間、2代高次、3代高久は藩体制確立に努め、1669年（寛文9）高久は弟高通(たかみち)に久居(ひさい)藩（5万石）、同高堅(たかかた)に3000石を分封、天和(てんな)・貞享(じょうきょう)期（1681～88）には玉置甚三郎(たまおきじんざぶろう)らに法制を整備させた。4代高睦から8代高悠のころは天災・凶作が続発し、藩政も衰退の一途をたどる。9代高嶷治世の寛政(かんせい)期（1789～1801）には郡奉行(こおりぶぎょう)茨木理兵衛(いばらぎりへえ)ら下級武士層を中心に藩政改革の動きがあったが、平高(ならしだか)制をはじめ人心を無視した改革のため、農民層の反発を招き寛政一揆(いっき)が起こった。10代高兌は率先して藩政刷新の範を示し、藩校有造館(ゆうぞうかん)を設け学芸を奨励し中興の明主と称された。11代高猷は1859年（安政6）偕楽園(かいらくえん)をつくる。1871年（明治4）12代高潔のとき廃藩となり、津県、安濃津県を経て76年三重県に編入された。

［原田好雄］

『岡正基他編『津市の歴史散歩』（1970・津市教育委員会）』▽『梅原三千・西田重嗣編『津市史』全5冊（1959～69・津市役所）』▽『宇野哲人・乙竹岩造著『藩学史談』（1943・文松堂書店）』

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