British psychologist. Born in London. After serving as an army officer in the Burmese War and the Boer War, he switched to psychology, studied under W. Bundt in Germany, and became a professor at the University of London. His achievements include developing factor analysis, which was pioneered by Pearson, and advocating the two-factor theory of intelligence. The latter is a theory that explains intellectual tasks using a general factor g common to all intellectual tasks and a specific factor s specific to each task. He is also famous for "Spearman's rank correlation" and "Spearman-Brown formula." His books include " The Measurement of Intelligence. An explanation of and a complete guide for the use of the Stanford revision and extension of the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale " (1916) and " Genetic Studies of Genius " (5 volumes, 1925-1929). [Nao Hidano] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの心理学者。ロンドンの生まれ。陸軍将校としてビルマ戦争やブーア戦争に従軍したのち、心理学に転じ、ドイツでW・ブントらに学び、ロンドン大学教授となった。彼の功績は、ピアソンによって創始された因子分析法を発展させたことと、知能の二因子説を唱道したことである。後者は知的作業のすべてに共通する一般因子gと、各作業に固有な特殊因子sによって知的作業を説明する説である。また「スピアマンの順位相関」と「スピアマン‐ブラウンの公式」も有名である。著書に『The Measurement of Intelligence. An explanation of and a complete guide for the use of the Stanford revision and extension of the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale』(1916)、『Genetic Studies of Genius』全5巻(1925~1929)などがある。 [肥田野直] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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