A trade guild active during the period of the English absolute monarchy. It was formed on May 4, 1557, under a letter of charter from Queen Mary I, with the intention of controlling heresy. It prohibited non-members from working in printing-related jobs, and gave the guild the power to investigate illegal publications nationwide and to a certain extent the power to punish them. As a self-regulating organization, it had a major impact on the shape of print culture and censorship of speech. In the 17th century, guild regulations began to hinder the growth of the industry, and during the Puritan Revolution, its "monopoly" was attacked, and it lost its real regulatory power. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
イギリス絶対王政期に活動した印刷・出版関連業種の同業組合。1557年5月4日,異端統制を意図するメアリー1世の特許状を受けて結成された。組合員以外が印刷関連業務につくことを禁じ,組合に違法出版物の全国捜査権,一定度の処罰権をあたえられた。自主統制機関として,活字文化の形態,言論統制に多大の影響をあたえた。17世紀に入るとギルド規制は産業の成長を阻害するようになり,ピューリタン革命期に〈独占〉を攻撃され,現実の規制力を失った。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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