After sunset and before sunrise, a period of twilight continues for a while. This phenomenon is called twilight. This phenomenon is caused by the scattering of sunlight by air molecules and suspended dust in the thick layer of atmosphere above the observer. When the sun reaches 6 degrees below the horizon before sunrise (after sunset), it is called the end (beginning) of civil twilight, and the brightest stars disappear (begin) from view. When it reaches 12 degrees, it is called the end (beginning) of nautical twilight. This name comes from the fact that the horizon is visible while the sun is between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon, making it convenient for navigators to make celestial observations. When the sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon, it is completely dark after sunset, and a 6th magnitude star appears, or disappears before sunrise, and this is called astronomical twilight. The duration of twilight varies depending on the latitude and solar declination of each area. It is shorter at low latitudes and longer at high latitudes. The phenomenon of twilight lasting all night is called the midnight sun, and the sun never sets below the horizon all day. [Toshio Watanabe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
日没後・日の出前、しばらく薄明りの状態が続くが、これを薄明という。この現象は、観測者の上空の厚い大気の層の空気の分子や浮遊塵(じん)による太陽光の散乱によるものである。日の出前(日没後)太陽が地平線下6度に達するときを常用薄明の終わり(始め)といい、もっとも明るい星が見えなくなる(見え始める)。12度に達したときを航海薄明の終わり(始め)という。太陽が地平線下6度から12度にある間は地平線が見えていて、航海者が天測するのに都合がよいことからこの名がある。太陽が地平線下18度に達したときは、日没後であれば完全に暗くなり、6等星が現れ、あるいは日の出前では消失するときで、これを天文薄明という。薄明の継続時間は各地の緯度および太陽の赤緯によって異なる。低緯度地方では短く、高緯度地方では長い。薄明が終夜続く現象を白夜(びゃくや)といい、太陽は一日中地平線下に没することはない。 [渡辺敏夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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