French female critic and novelist. Daughter of Jacques Necker, Minister of Finance under Louis XVI, she married Baron de Stael, Swedish ambassador to France. As a girl, influenced by the discourse of the Enlightened thinkers who gathered in her mother's salon, she embraced the ideas of liberalism and democracy, and during the French Revolution she embraced constitutional monarchy and was forced to flee the country on multiple occasions. She was close to Benjamin Constant, but came into conflict with Napoleon, who suppressed free thought, and was exiled in 1803. She traveled to Germany and Italy, and stayed for a long time in Coppé, Switzerland, where she wrote her works. His novels include Delphine (1802) and Corinne ou L'Italie (1807), and his essays include Literature in Relation to Social Institutions (1800; also known simply as On Literature) and On Germany (1810). She was blessed with a broad critical intellect rather than artistic sensibility, and her literary theory, focusing on the relationship between the social environment and literature, was a precursor to the positivist criticism of 19th century critics such as Taine. In addition, her book "On Germany" discovered German literature as northern literature, promoted the principles of romanticism, and advocated a transnational European literature. [Noboru Hiraoka] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの女流評論家、小説家。ルイ16世のもとで財務長官を務めたネッケルJacques Neckerの娘で、駐仏スウェーデン大使スタール男爵と結婚。少女時代、母のサロンに集まる啓蒙(けいもう)思想家の言説に影響されて自由主義・民主主義の思想を抱き、フランス革命時代には立憲君主主義を奉じ、たびたび国外に避難を余儀なくされた。バンジャマン・コンスタンと親しく、自由思想を弾圧したナポレオンと不和になって1803年国外に追放され、ドイツ、イタリアに行き、長くスイスのコペーに滞在、ここで作品を書いた。小説に『デルフィーヌ』Delphine(1802)、『コリーヌ』Corinne ou L'Italie(1807)があり、論文に『社会制度との関係からみた文学』De la littérature considérée dans ses rapports avec les institutions sociales(1800。単に『文学論』ともいう)、『ドイツ論』De l'Allemagne(1810)がある。 彼女は芸術的感性よりも博大な批判的知性に恵まれ、その文学論は、社会環境と文学との関係に着目して、19世紀のテーヌなどの実証的批評の先駆となった。また、『ドイツ論』は北方文学としてのドイツ文学を発見し、ロマン主義の原理の宣揚、超国家的なヨーロッパ文学の提唱を含んでいる。 [平岡 昇] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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