Group insurance - dantaihoken (English spelling)

Japanese: 団体保険 - だんたいほけん(英語表記)group insurance
Group insurance - dantaihoken (English spelling)

This is a single insurance contract that collectively insures all members of an organization that share certain common characteristics, and pays insurance benefits in the event of an accident resulting in death, injury, or other loss to these members. The organization referred to here is an organization of employees of the same business owner such as a company, store, factory, or organization of employees of a public office, etc. In group insurance, the business owner or representative of the organization generally becomes the policyholder for the purpose of employee welfare.

[Mitsuo Sakaguchi]

Features

Group insurance has the following features:

(1) In individual insurance, the unit of risk selection is the individual, whereas in group insurance, the unit of risk selection is the group. Therefore, in group insurance, the health status of the individuals who make up the group is not an issue. Instead, in order to eliminate the concentration of risks with a high probability of accidents, the scope of groups covered by the insurance contract is limited, and the eligibility of the insured groups is determined. The greatest feature of group insurance is this collective selection of risks.

(2) Group insurance is a single insurance contract in which all members of a group are insured at the same time under a single insurance policy.

(3) In group insurance, the examination of each member is omitted, so the examination cost is saved, and since only one insurance contract is concluded, the administrative cost is reduced. Therefore, the premium is lower than that of individual insurance.

Although group insurance has different purposes and contract forms compared to individual insurance, the basic structure of the insurance is the same.

[Mitsuo Sakaguchi]

kinds

Group insurance can be classified from various perspectives, but depending on purpose it can be divided into group insurance that aims to provide death coverage and group pension insurance that aims to provide living security in old age.

[Mitsuo Sakaguchi]

Group insurance for death benefits

In business statistics, group insurance intended to provide death benefits includes group term insurance, group credit life insurance, group endowment insurance, and life insurance for dependents of the physically and mentally disabled.

[Mitsuo Sakaguchi]

Group Term Insurance

This is a one-year life insurance policy with the insured person working for a company, store, factory, etc., and the policyholder being an organization or the representative of the insured organization. The premiums are low, the entire amount paid by the employer can be deducted as an expense, and there is no tax on the benefits paid to employees. It is the main or most representative type of group insurance, and has a high market share.

(1) Target organizations are those that are able to select risk as an organization, and the scope of such organizations is determined by certain criteria.

(2) As an insurance benefit, an insurance claim is paid when the insured person dies or suffers a certain injury.

(3) The policyholder is an employer or representative of an organization.

(4) The insurance period is one year, but will be renewed unless otherwise requested.

(5) The amount of insurance coverage for each member of the group is determined based on criteria such as position, age, and years of service.

(6) Group term insurance is generally called group insurance, with contracts for groups in which all members join referred to as "Group A" and contracts for groups in which members voluntarily join referred to as "Group B." In November 1996, comprehensive welfare group term insurance was released as a product exclusively for Group A. Accordingly, the previous group term insurance was changed to a product exclusively for Group B, so in the narrow sense, Group B products are called group term insurance.

When the insured person dies, the insurance company pays the insurance money to the organization. However, there is an issue as to whether the insured person's surviving family members can request the organization to hand over the insurance money, and this is currently being contested in court.

[Mitsuo Sakaguchi]

Group Credit Life Insurance

This is a type of group term insurance, and is a special type of group insurance that aims to protect claims and stabilize the lives of debtors by applying the insurance money paid when a person who owes installment payments such as a mortgage to a bank or other institution dies (or becomes severely disabled) to the debt.

(1) The policyholder and the beneficiary are the credit granting institution or the credit guarantor that guarantees the person who has an installment obligation to the credit granting institution, and the insured is the debtor who has an installment obligation to the credit granting institution.

(2) The amount of insurance is equivalent to the remaining debt, and the amount of insurance will decrease as the repayment progresses.

(3) The insurance period is the repayment period of the debt, and the insurance premiums paid by the policyholder are deductible as expenses for protecting the debt, and no tax is levied on the death benefit to surviving family members.

[Mitsuo Sakaguchi]

Group endowment insurance

The insured persons are employees and directors working for a company, store, factory, etc., and the insurance pays out upon maturity or death. It is used as a means of securing the livelihood of surviving family members and preparing for retirement benefits. However, due to the popularity of corporate pension insurance, it is rarely sold these days.

[Mitsuo Sakaguchi]

Life Insurance for the Disabled

This insurance aims to ensure a stable life for physically and mentally disabled persons when the insured who is their dependent dies or becomes severely disabled. The insurance system works as follows: An insurance contract is made between a life insurance company and the Welfare and Medical Service Corporation, with the insured person being the subscriber to the Mutual Aid System for the Dependents of the Physically and Mentally Disabled run by a local government, and the Corporation as the policyholder and beneficiary. When the insured who is the dependent of a physically and mentally disabled person dies or becomes severely disabled, the life insurance company pays the Welfare and Medical Service Corporation a set insurance benefit according to the age of the physically and mentally disabled person. The Welfare and Medical Service Corporation manages and operates this, and pays benefits as a pension for the life of the physically and mentally disabled person while they are alive. If the physically and mentally disabled person dies before their dependent one year after joining the insurance, a special benefit is paid.

[Mitsuo Sakaguchi]

Group pension insurance aimed at securing life after retirement

Group pension insurance aimed at securing livelihood in old age includes corporate pension insurance (qualified retirement pension), asset accumulation benefit insurance, and employee pension fund insurance.

[Mitsuo Sakaguchi]

Corporate pension insurance (qualified retirement pension)

This product was established in 1963 (Showa 38) by life insurance companies for the purpose of underwriting qualified retirement pension systems. Based on the retirement pension regulations determined between the company and its employees, a corporate pension insurance contract that meets the eligibility requirements is concluded between the company and the life insurance company. The policyholder is the representative of a corporation or organization such as a company, store, or factory, the insured is a member of the organization, and the pension recipient is the insured or their surviving family members. The company pays a set amount of insurance premiums to the life insurance company, which manages and operates the pension reserve fund (liability reserve) and pays pensions and lump sums to retired employees, etc. In 1990 (Heisei 2), the "New Corporate Pension Insurance" was launched with an expanded product lineup to meet the needs of increasingly diverse customers.

[Mitsuo Sakaguchi]

Property accumulation benefit insurance

Property accumulation benefit insurance based on the Workers' Asset Formation Promotion Act (Property Accumulation Act) is an insurance with the purpose of employers also contributing to the asset formation of workers, with the employer being the policyholder and the worker being the insured and beneficiary. Subscribers are those who have a property accumulation savings account, property accumulation pension account or property accumulation housing savings account, and the entire insurance premium is paid by the employer. The employer's contributions are treated as losses.

[Mitsuo Sakaguchi]

Employee's Pension Fund Insurance

Private companies set up special corporations called employees' pension funds to pay part of the employees' pension insurance on their behalf, and the funds pay pensions or lump sums to retirees by adding their own company's own additional amount, and this insurance is entrusted to the management and operation of the fund. This insurance was launched to operate the employees' pension fund system that was launched in 1966 (Showa 41). The policyholder is the fund, the insurer is a life insurance company, and the insured is a member of the fund.

[Mitsuo Sakaguchi]

"New Practical Course on Life Insurance 7: Law" edited by the Editorial Committee for New Practical Course on Life Insurance and the Life Insurance Culture Research Institute (1991, Yuhikaku)""Illustrated Guide to Japanese Life Insurance" edited by Shigeaki Ninomiya (1997, Zaikeishohosha)""How General Welfare Group Term Insurance Works" (1997, Life Insurance Association)

[Reference items] | Corporate pensions | Employee pension funds | Credit insurance | Life insurance | Term insurance | Pension insurance system | Welfare and medical organizations | Insurance | Endowment insurance

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一定の共通した性格をもつ団体に所属する構成員を一括して被保険者とし、この者に生死、傷害などの事故が生じたときに保険金が支払われる単一の保険契約をいう。ここでいう団体とは、会社、商店、工場その他同じ事業主による被用者団体、官公署などにおける勤務者団体などをいう。団体保険においては、一般に、従業員の福利厚生のために、事業主または団体の代表者が保険契約者となる。

[坂口光男]

特色

団体保険には、次のような特色がみられる。

(1)個人保険においては危険選択の単位が個人であるのに対し、団体保険においては危険選択の単位は団体に置かれる。したがって、団体保険においては、団体を構成する個人の健康状態は問題としない。そのかわり、事故発生の可能性が高いリスクが集中することを排除するため、保険契約の対象となる団体の範囲を制限し、被保険団体の適格性を判断することになる。団体保険の最大の特色は、この危険の集団的選択というところにある。

(2)団体保険は単一の保険契約であり、1枚の保険証券によって団体の構成員を一括して同時に契約する。

(3)団体保険においては、構成員の個別的な審査が省略されるので審査費用が節約され、また単一の保険契約が締結されるにとどまるので事務費が軽減される。そのため、個人保険と比較して、保険料が低くなる。

 なお、団体保険は、個人保険と比較して、目的や契約の形態を異にしているが、保険の基本的な仕組みは何ら異なるものではない。

[坂口光男]

種類

団体保険は種々の観点から分類することができるが、目的によって、死亡保障を目的とする団体保険と、老後の生活保障を目的とする団体年金保険に分けられる。

[坂口光男]

死亡保障を目的とする団体保険

事業統計上、死亡保障を目的とする団体保険に分類されるものとして、団体定期保険、団体信用生命保険、団体養老保険、心身障害者扶養者生命保険がある。

[坂口光男]

団体定期保険

会社、商店、工場などに勤務する者を被保険者とし、団体または被保険団体の代表者を保険契約者とする保険期間1年の死亡保険である。保険料が安く、事業主負担の保険料は全額が損金となり、しかも従業員に対する給付としての課税がないという特典がある。団体保険のなかで主力ないし代表的なもので、占有率も高い保険である。

(1)対象となる団体は、団体としての危険選択が可能な団体で、その範囲は一定の基準によって定められる。

(2)保険給付として、被保険者が死亡または一定の傷害のときに保険金が支払われる。

(3)保険契約者は事業主または団体の代表者である。

(4)保険期間は1年であるが、別段の申し出がないかぎり更新して継続される。

(5)団体を構成する個々人の保険金額は、職位、年齢、勤務年数などを基準として決定される。

(6)団体定期保険は一般にグループ保険ともいわれ、全員加入団体の契約を「Aグループ」、任意加入団体の契約を「Bグループ」と称している。1996年(平成8)11月より、Aグループの専用商品として総合福祉団体定期保険が発売された。それに伴って、従来の団体定期保険はBグループ専用商品と改められたため、狭義においては、Bグループ商品を団体定期保険という。

 なお、被保険者が死亡すると、保険会社から団体に対して保険金が支払われるが、被保険者の遺族は団体に対して保険金の引渡しを請求することができるかという問題があり、現在、裁判で争われている。

[坂口光男]

団体信用生命保険

団体定期保険の一形態で、銀行などに対し住宅ローンなどの賦払償還債務を負う者が死亡(高度障害も含む)したときに支払われる保険金を債務に充当することによって、債権の保全と債務者の生活の安定を図るための特殊な団体保険である。

(1)保険契約者および保険金受取人は、信用供与機関または信用供与機関に対して賦払償還債務を負う者について保証する信用保証機関であり、被保険者は信用供与機関に対し賦払償還債務を負う債務者である。

(2)保険金額は、債務残高相当額であり、償還が進むにつれて保険金額も逓減(ていげん)する。

(3)債務の返済期間を保険期間とし、保険契約者が負担した保険料は債権保全費用として損金算入が認められ、また死亡保険金に対する遺族への課税も行われない。

[坂口光男]

団体養老保険

会社、商店、工場などに勤務している従業員および役員を被保険者とし、満期または死亡したときに保険金が支払われる。遺族の生活保障と退職金の準備のための手段として利用される。もっとも、現在では、企業年金保険の普及に伴い、ほとんど販売されていない。

[坂口光男]

心身障害者扶養者生命保険

心身障害者の扶養者である被保険者が死亡もしくは高度障害となったときに、心身障害者の生活の安定を図るための保険である。この保険の仕組みは、次のとおりである。地方公共団体が実施している心身障害者扶養者共済制度の加入者を被保険者とし、福祉医療機構を保険契約者および保険金受取人として、生命保険会社との間で保険契約が結ばれる。心身障害者の扶養者である被保険者が死亡もしくは高度障害となったとき、生命保険会社は福祉医療機構に、心身障害者の年齢に応じた所定の保険金を支払う。福祉医療機構はこれを管理運営して、心身障害者の生存中、年金として終身にわたって給付金を支払う。なお、保険加入の1年経過後に、心身障害者が扶養者より先に死亡したときには、特別給付金が支払われる。

[坂口光男]

老後の生活保障を目的とする団体年金保険

老後の生活保障を目的とする団体年金保険に分類されるものとして、企業年金保険(適格退職年金)、財形給付金保険、厚生年金基金保険がある。

[坂口光男]

企業年金保険(適格退職年金)

生命保険会社が、適格退職年金制度の引受けを目的として、1963年(昭和38)に創設した商品である。企業と従業員との間で定められた退職年金規定に基づいて、企業と生命保険会社との間で、適格要件を備えた企業年金保険契約を締結する。保険契約者は会社、商店、工場などの法人または団体の代表者、被保険者は団体の所属員、年金受取人は被保険者またはその遺族である。企業は生命保険会社に所定の保険料を支払い、生命保険会社は年金積立金(責任準備金)の管理運用を行い、退職した従業員などに年金・一時金を支払う。なお、90年(平成2)に、多様化している顧客の要望に応ずるため、商品内容の拡充などをした「新企業年金保険」が発売された。

[坂口光男]

財形給付金保険

勤労者財産形成促進法(財形法)に基づく財形給付金保険は、事業主も勤労者の財産形成に寄与することを趣旨とした保険であり、事業主が保険契約者、勤労者が被保険者、保険金受取人となる。加入者は財形貯蓄、財形年金または財形住宅貯蓄を有する者で、保険料は全額について事業主が負担する。事業主の掛金は損金扱いとされる。

[坂口光男]

厚生年金基金保険

民間の企業が厚生年金基金という特殊な法人を設立して、厚生年金保険の一部の給付を代行し、かつ企業独自の加算部分を上乗せして、退職者に年金または一時金を基金が給付するもので、その管理運用を受託するための保険である。1966年(昭和41)に発足した厚生年金基金制度の運営のために発売された保険である。保険契約者は基金、保険者は生命保険会社、被保険者は基金の加入員である。

[坂口光男]

『生命保険新実務講座編集委員会・生命保険文化研究所編『生命保険新実務講座7 法律』(1991・有斐閣)』『二宮茂明編『図説 日本の生命保険』(1997・財経詳報社)』『『総合福祉団体定期保険のしくみ』(1997・生命保険協会)』

[参照項目] | 企業年金 | 厚生年金基金 | 信用保険 | 生命保険 | 定期保険 | 年金保険制度 | 福祉医療機構 | 保険 | 養老保険

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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