Khalsa Party

Japanese: カールサー党 - かーるさーとう
Khalsa Party

…The 10th guru of Sikhism in India. He became guru after his father Tegh Bahadur was captured and executed by the Mughal Empire in 1675. He promoted the military equipment and training of the Sikh community, and in 1699, he began to form a strong Sikh group (Khalsa) that was united by a sense of solidarity through the performance of certain rituals. From this time on, Sikhs began to add the title Singh (lion) after their names. He also established the five Ks (initials), which included their traditions of not smoking, having long hair, and carrying daggers and bracelets. …

From [Sikhism]

… The tenth guru, Gobind Singh (reigned 1675-1708), became guru when he was only ten years old, but he was a brave and intelligent man. He finally established the use of force as a formal means of apologizing for his teachings, and founded the Khalsa (Pure) Party. Khalsa members were required to always wear five items beginning with the letter K: kesh (hair), kanger (comb), kach (short trousers), khara (bracelet), and kripān (dagger), and to add the word Siṅgh (lion) to the end of their names. …

*Some of the terminology used to refer to the "Khalsa Party" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…インドにおけるシク教の第10代教主(グル)。1675年父テーグ・バハードルがムガル朝に捕らわれ処刑された後,教主となる。シク教団の軍事的装備・訓練を進め,99年には特定の儀式を行うことを通じて,連帯意識で結ばれた強固なシク集団(カールサーKhālsā)の形成に着手した。これ以後シク教徒は自分の名のあとに〈シングSingh(獅子の意)〉の称を付するようになる。彼らの伝統たる禁煙,長髪,短剣・腕輪などの携帯を含む〈五つのK(頭文字)〉も彼によって規定された。…

【シク教】より

… 第10代のグル,ゴービンド・シング(在位1675‐1708)は,わずか10歳のときにグルになったが,勇敢で才智あふれる人物であった。彼は,ついに武力を用いることを正式の護教の手段として明確に位置づけ,カールサー(純粋)党を設立した。そして,カールサー党員は,頭文字にKがつく五つのもの,すなわち,ケーシュ(髪),カンガー(櫛),カッチュ(短袴),カラー(腕輪),クリパーン(懐剣)をつねに身に着け,名前の最後に〈シングSiṅgh〉(獅子)をつけなければならないとされた。…

※「カールサー党」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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