A temple built at the request of the emperor to pray for the protection of the nation and the safety of the imperial family, or an existing temple designated for that purpose. Also called a goganji or chokugansho. The first chokuganji is said to be Daian-ji in Nara, which was founded by Prince Shotoku and relocated and renamed by Emperors Jomei and Tenmu. Other temples built in the Nara period include Yakushi-ji by Emperor Mommu, Todai-ji by Emperor Shomu, and Kokubun-ji and Kokubun-nunnery, which were built in various provinces in 741 (Tenpyo 13) at the request of Emperor Shomu. Temples founded during the Heian period include Toji, Saiji, and Enryakuji by Emperor Kanmu, Daikakuji by Emperor Saga, Ninnaji by Emperor Koko, and Daigoji by Emperor Daigo, and in the Kamakura period there was Nanzenji by Emperor Kameyama. Furthermore, many existing temples sought imperial decree to be designated as imperial temples in an attempt to demonstrate their authority. The imperial decree system continued until it was abolished in 1871 (Meiji 4). [Yoshihiro Hirose] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
天皇の発願によって鎮護国家、皇室安全を祈るために建立された寺院、あるいはそのために指定された既存の寺院。御願寺(ごがんじ)、勅願所とも称される。勅願寺の初めは、聖徳太子が創建し舒明(じょめい)天皇・天武(てんむ)天皇が移転改称にかかわった奈良大安寺(だいあんじ)とされる。奈良時代にはほかに文武(もんむ)天皇の薬師寺、聖武(しょうむ)天皇の東大寺、同じく聖武天皇の勅願により741年(天平13)に諸国に建立された国分寺・国分尼寺などがある。平安時代の創建にかかるものでは桓武(かんむ)天皇の東寺(とうじ)・西寺(さいじ)・延暦寺(えんりゃくじ)、嵯峨(さが)天皇の大覚寺、光孝(こうこう)天皇の仁和寺(にんなじ)、醍醐(だいご)天皇の醍醐寺などがあり、鎌倉時代には亀山(かめやま)天皇の南禅寺がある。なお、既存の寺院でも勅願寺に定められることによって権威を誇示しようとして、それを定める綸旨(りんじ)を求める寺が少なくなかった。勅願寺の制は1871年(明治4)に廃止されるまで存続された。 [廣瀬良弘] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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