Sutei Rekisho - Sutei Rekisho

A calendar book from the Ming dynasty in China. It consists of 137 volumes and was completed in 1634 (the 7th year of the Chongzhen era). Xu Guangqi, a high-ranking official of the Ming dynasty who was strongly influenced by the Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci, decided to correct the defects in the Ming dynasty's Datong calendar, and placed many Jesuits in the calendar bureau to work on the project. After Xu Guangqi's death, Li Tianjing continued the work and completed the Chongzhen Calendar. Although the universe was still based on the geocentric theory, various calendar tables were created based on Western astronomy literature and mathematics by Tycho Brahe and others. However, the Ming dynasty fell before the calendar reform could be realized. In 1645, during the Qing Dynasty, Jesuit missionary Adam Schall reorganized the "Chongzhen Calendar," which became the "Western New Law Calendar," and this led to the first calendar reform based on Western astronomy, leading to the implementation of the "Shixian Calendar." The "Chongzhen Calendar" was also introduced to Japan, where it had a major impact on calendar scholars.

[Toshio Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)代の暦書。137巻からなり、1634年（崇禎7）完成。イエズス会宣教師マテオ・リッチに強い影響を受けた明朝の高官徐光啓(じょこうけい)は、明の『大統暦』の不備な点を修暦することとし、多くのイエズス会士を暦局に入れてその事業にあたり、徐光啓の死後は李天経(りてんけい)がそれを継続して完成させたのが『崇禎暦書』である。宇宙体系はまだ天動説であるが、ティコ・ブラーエらの西洋天文学文献と西洋数学によって諸暦表がつくられた。しかし改暦が実現しないうちに明朝は滅亡した。清(しん)朝になり、1645年、イエズス会宣教師アダム・シャールが『崇禎暦書』を再編、これが『西洋新法暦書』で、これにより西洋の天文学に基づく最初の改暦が行われ、『時憲暦』が施行された。『崇禎暦書』は日本にも渡来、暦学者に大きな影響を与えた。

［渡辺敏夫］

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