Suiheisha - Suiheisha

Japanese: 水平社 - すいへいしゃ

An organization founded in 1922 with the aim of voluntary liberation of discriminated communities. To be precise, it is called the National Levelers' Association. A group of young people from discriminated communities in Nara, Mie, Osaka, and other areas, led by Nishimitsu Mankichi and Sakamoto Seiichiro, called for the organization's founding conference, held in Kyoto, and over 2,000 representatives from around the country attended. At the conference, they adopted a three-point platform and declaration that included voluntary liberation, the demand for occupational and economic freedom, and the awakening of humanity, and rejected the government's policy of improving and reconciling communities that had been beneficial since the end of the Meiji era. The organization had the headquarters of the National Levelers' Association at the center, and prefectural Levelers' Associations and Buraku Levelers' Associations were also established. After the founding conference, the movement spread throughout the country, becoming a force for breaking down discrimination and prejudice against Buraku people. In 1926, under the influence of communism, the left wing argued that Buraku liberation should be directly subordinated to the liberation of the proletariat, and in 1931 tried to dissolve the Suiheisha, claiming that its status organization hindered the class awareness of the Buraku labor and peasant masses. This caused the movement to temporarily stagnate, but the left wing later criticized itself. After that, the organization developed again through Buraku Committee activities that combined status struggle and class struggle, but after the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, under government pressure, the movement naturally disappeared after the 16th convention in August 1940. After World War II, it was rebuilt as the National Committee for Buraku Liberation, and in 1955 it was renamed the Buraku Liberation League. (→ Buraku Liberation Movement)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1922年に被差別部落の自主解放を目指して創立された団体。正確には全国水平社という。西光万吉，阪本清一郎らを中心とした奈良，三重，大阪などにある被差別部落の青年グループが呼びかけ，京都で開かれた創立大会には全国から 2000人あまりの代表者が参加した。大会では自主的解放，職業と経済の自由の要求，人間性の覚醒など3ヵ条の綱領と宣言を採択し，明治末年以来，政府によって遂行された恩恵的な部落改善，融和政策を排撃した。組織は中央に全国水平社連盟本部を置き，府県水平社，部落水平社が置かれた。創立大会以後，運動は全国に広がり，部落民に対する差別と偏見を打ち破る力となった。 1926年には共産主義の影響下で，左派が部落解放を無産者階級の解放に直接に従属すべきものとしたり，1931年には水平社という身分組織は部落労農大衆の階級的自覚を妨げるとして水平社を解消しようとしたため，運動は一時低迷したが，のちに左派は自己批判した。それ以降，身分闘争と階級闘争を結合した部落委員会活動が行なわれることによって再び組織も発展したが，1937年日中戦争勃発後，政府の圧迫のもとで，1940年8月第 16回大会を最後に運動は自然消滅した。第2次世界大戦後は部落解放全国委員会として再建され，1955年に部落解放同盟と改称した。 (→部落解放運動 )

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